The invention provides novel catalysts and methods of using catalysts for controlling the position of a double bond and cis/trans-selectivity in isomerization of terminal alkenes to their 2-isomers. Catalysts such as (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Ru formulas 1 and 3 having a bifunctional phosphine can be used in the methods. A catalyst loading of 1 mol % of formulas 1+3 can be employed for the production of (E)-2-alkenes at 40-70° C.; lower temperatures can be used with higher catalyst loading. Acetonitrile-free catalysts can be used at lower loadings, room temperature, and in less than a day to accomplish the same results as catalysts 1+3. The novel catalyst systems minimize thermodynamic equilibration of alkene isomers, so that the trans-2-alkenes of both non-functionalized and functionalized alkenes can be generated.
本发明提供了一种新型催化剂及其使用方法,用于控制末端烯烃的异构化反应中双键位置和顺反式选择性的产生。可以使用具有双功能膦基的催化剂,例如(五
甲基环戊二烯基)Ru公式1和3。在40-70°C下,可以使用1+3公式的1摩尔%的催化剂负载来生产(E)-2-烯烃;使用更高的催化剂负载可以使用更低的温度。无
乙腈催化剂可以在较低的负载、室温下使用,并在不到一天的时间内完成与1+3催化剂相同的结果。新型催化剂系统最小化烯烃异构体的热力学平衡,从而可以产生非功能化和功能化烯烃的反式-2-烯烃。