Topologically Controlled Coulombic Interactions, a New Tool in the Developing of Novel Reactivity. Photochemical and Electrochemical Cleavage of Phenyl Alkyl Ethers
摘要:
The hypothesis that a specific placement of a positive charge would dramatically alter the behavior of a charged intermediate has been tested. Phenyl ethers substituted by electron-attracting groups do not undergo reductive fragmentation. However, related alpha-piperidino-omega-(4-substituted-phenoxy)-alkanes give alkyl ether photocleavage when the linker between the redox centers is short, or the usual substitution-reduction photochemistry when it is long. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the photofragmentation process operates through space intramolecular electron transfer to the triplet aromatic chromophore and that a coplanar relative orientation of the alkyl ether bond and the phenyl ring is compulsory for the photofragmentation to be observed. Configuration interaction AM1 calculations justify the described facts, indicating that the fragmentation process is only operative when a Coulombic stabilization of a sigma* intramolecular electron transfer excited state is produced. Electrochemical studies carried out with the corresponding quaternary salts (intermolecular generation of the phenyl ether radical anion) confirm the conclusions derived from the photochemical experiments.
Topologically Controlled Coulombic Interactions, a New Tool in the Developing of Novel Reactivity. Photochemical and Electrochemical Cleavage of Phenyl Alkyl Ethers
摘要:
The hypothesis that a specific placement of a positive charge would dramatically alter the behavior of a charged intermediate has been tested. Phenyl ethers substituted by electron-attracting groups do not undergo reductive fragmentation. However, related alpha-piperidino-omega-(4-substituted-phenoxy)-alkanes give alkyl ether photocleavage when the linker between the redox centers is short, or the usual substitution-reduction photochemistry when it is long. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the photofragmentation process operates through space intramolecular electron transfer to the triplet aromatic chromophore and that a coplanar relative orientation of the alkyl ether bond and the phenyl ring is compulsory for the photofragmentation to be observed. Configuration interaction AM1 calculations justify the described facts, indicating that the fragmentation process is only operative when a Coulombic stabilization of a sigma* intramolecular electron transfer excited state is produced. Electrochemical studies carried out with the corresponding quaternary salts (intermolecular generation of the phenyl ether radical anion) confirm the conclusions derived from the photochemical experiments.
Effect of Topologically Controlled Coulombic Interactions on the Dynamic Behavior of Photoexcited Nitrophenyl Alkyl Ethers in the Presence of Tertiary Amines with Limited Motion Freedom
作者:Roberto Gonzalez-Blanco、José L. Bourdelande、Jordi Marquet
DOI:10.1021/jo961821i
日期:1997.10.1
Time-resolved electronic absorption spectroscopy has been successfully applied to clarify the mechanism of the ''abnormal'' photochemical cleavage of 4-nitrophenyl piperidinoalkyl ethers induced by controlled Coulombic disturbance of the ''normal'' electronic distribution of the radical anion intermediate. Thus, photolysis of 1-piperidino-2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenoxy (a system with an amine with limited freedom of motion) in acetonitrile leads to C-O bond photocleavage in a relatively slow process (k approximate to 4 x 10(5) s(-1)) from intermediate species that show radical-ion pair behavior. Systems with higher freedom of motion of the amine moiety, such as 1-piperidino-5-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)pentane or 4-nitroveratrole + triethylamine, show the intermediate radical-ion pairs mainly evolving to reduction products, probably a result of intermediates with geometries not allowed for the system with limited freedom of motion of the amine.
Topologically Controlled Coulombic Interactions, a New Tool in the Developing of Novel Reactivity. Photochemical and Electrochemical Cleavage of Phenyl Alkyl Ethers
作者:Jorge Marquet、Eduard Cayon、Xavier Martin、Francisco Casado、Iluminada Gallardo、Miquel Moreno、Jose M. Lluch
DOI:10.1021/jo00117a037
日期:1995.6
The hypothesis that a specific placement of a positive charge would dramatically alter the behavior of a charged intermediate has been tested. Phenyl ethers substituted by electron-attracting groups do not undergo reductive fragmentation. However, related alpha-piperidino-omega-(4-substituted-phenoxy)-alkanes give alkyl ether photocleavage when the linker between the redox centers is short, or the usual substitution-reduction photochemistry when it is long. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the photofragmentation process operates through space intramolecular electron transfer to the triplet aromatic chromophore and that a coplanar relative orientation of the alkyl ether bond and the phenyl ring is compulsory for the photofragmentation to be observed. Configuration interaction AM1 calculations justify the described facts, indicating that the fragmentation process is only operative when a Coulombic stabilization of a sigma* intramolecular electron transfer excited state is produced. Electrochemical studies carried out with the corresponding quaternary salts (intermolecular generation of the phenyl ether radical anion) confirm the conclusions derived from the photochemical experiments.