Sex and Age Effects on Willingness to Communicate, Anxiety, Perceived Competence, and L2 Motivation Among Junior High School French Immersion Students
摘要:
The present study involves a cross–sectional investigation of second–language (L2) communication among students in a junior high French late immersion program. The effects of language, sex, and grade on willingness to communicate (WTC), anxiety, and perceived communication competence, on frequency of communication in French, and on the attitude and motivation variables are examined globally and at each grade level. It was found that students’ L2 WTC, perceived competence, and frequency of communication in French increased from grades 7 to 8 and was maintained between grades 8 and 9, despite a drop in motivation between grades 7 and 8 and a steady level of anxiety across the three grades.
CHLOROALKENE PRODUCTION METHOD ACCOMPANIED WITH DEHYDROCHLORINATION REACTION
申请人:Tokuyama Corporation
公开号:EP3293170A1
公开(公告)日:2018-03-14
A chloroalkene production method comprising the steps of:
carrying out the dehydrochlorination reaction of a chloroalkane in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst containing a metal chloride to produce a chloroalkene;
removing a metal component derived from the catalyst from the obtained reaction solution; and
distilling the reaction solution to obtain the purified chloroalkene.
Neue Thiosubstituierte Butadien- Und Butenin Verbindungen Aus Hexachlorbutenen Und Thiolen
作者:Cemil İbiş、Tülay Bal
DOI:10.1080/10426500307913
日期:2003.3.1
2,3-Di-H-butene compound 1 gave compounds 3a-f, 4a, 4e, and 5a-d in the presence of thiols 2a-f and Et3N (or NaOH). Compound 7e was obtained from the reaction of 1,3-Di-H-butene 6 with naphthylthiol in DMF In the presence of NaOH, compound 6 and 2 mmol of thiol 2g in EtOHgave compounds 8, 9, 10, and 11.