Design of balanced COX inhibitors based on anti-inflammatory and/or COX-2 inhibitory ascidian metabolites
摘要:
The aim of this study was to design and synthesize COX-1/COX-2 balanced inhibitors incorporating the structural motifs of anti-inflammatory ascidian metabolites. We designed a series of substituted indole analogs that incorporate the key structures of the ascidian metabolites, herdmanines C and D. The synthesized analogs were tested for their inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2, and compound 5m, which displayed balanced inhibition, was further evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 5m suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. The reduction of PGE2, NO, and ROS was also observed, together with the suppression of NF-kappa B, IKK, and I kappa B alpha phosphorylation. Our results characterized 5m as a COX-1/COX-2 balanced inhibitor that subsequently caused ROS inhibition and NF-kappa B suppression, and culminated in the suppression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 expression. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
foundation for simplifying the structure of these alkaloids. The ring-open products, acylhydrazones 9a–9u, were also found to possess good antiviral activities. Moreover, all the synthesized compounds displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. This study provides important information for the research and development of pimprinine alkaloids as novel antiviral agents.