Small Molecule that Reverses Dexamethasone Resistance in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL)
摘要:
Glucocorticoids are one of the most utilized and effective therapies in treating T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, patients often develop resistance to glucocorticoids, rendering these therapies ineffective. We screened 9517 compounds, selected for their lead-like properties, chosen from among 3 372 615 compounds, against a dexamethasone-resistant T-ALL cell line to identify small molecules that reverse glucocorticoid resistance. We synthesized analogues of the most effective compound, termed J9, from the screen in order to define the scaffold's structure activity relationship. Active compounds restored sensitivity to glucocorticoids through upregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. This compound and mechanism may provide a strategy for overcoming glucocorticoid resistance in patients with T-ALL.
Small Molecule that Reverses Dexamethasone Resistance in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL)
摘要:
Glucocorticoids are one of the most utilized and effective therapies in treating T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, patients often develop resistance to glucocorticoids, rendering these therapies ineffective. We screened 9517 compounds, selected for their lead-like properties, chosen from among 3 372 615 compounds, against a dexamethasone-resistant T-ALL cell line to identify small molecules that reverse glucocorticoid resistance. We synthesized analogues of the most effective compound, termed J9, from the screen in order to define the scaffold's structure activity relationship. Active compounds restored sensitivity to glucocorticoids through upregulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. This compound and mechanism may provide a strategy for overcoming glucocorticoid resistance in patients with T-ALL.
The imidazolium salts described are useful as antiarrhythmic agents. A method of treating arrhythmia by increasing the refractoriness of cardiac tissue is provided as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing such imidazolium salts.
The imidazolium salts described are useful as antiarrhythmic agents. A method of treating arrhythmia by increasing the refractoriness of cardiac tissue is provided as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing such imidazolium salts. The compounds are described by the following formula: ##STR1##
Imidazolium salts, intermediates thereto and their use
申请人:SCHERING AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
公开号:EP0131302A2
公开(公告)日:1985-01-16
The imidazolium salts described are useful as antiarrhythmic agents. A method of treating arrhythmia by increasing the refractoriness of cardiac tissue is provided as well as pharmaceutical formulations containing such imidazolium salts.
Lewis acid-mediated reactions of 1-cyclopropyl-2-arylethanone derivatives with diethyl 2-oxomalonate and ethyl 2-oxoacetate
作者:Xiang-Ying Tang、Min Shi
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.003
日期:2009.11
TMSOTf-mediated reactions of 2-aryl-1-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)ethanones 1 with diethyl 2-oxomalonate 2 afford a novel method for the synthesis of spiro-gamma-lactone derivatives 3 in good to excellent yields via a sequential reaction involving a nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of the cyclopropane by H2O, an aldol-type reaction and a cyclic transesterification mediated by Lewis acid. On the other hand, we found that TMSOTf-mediated reactions of 1-cyclopropyl-2-arylethanones 1 with ethyl 2-oxoacetate 4 could also provide the corresponding spiro-gamma-lactone derivatives 5 in moderate yields along with another spiro-gamma-lactone derivatives 6 derived from the reaction of 1 with two molecules of ethyl 2-oxcracetate. The plausible reaction mechanisms have also been provided on the basis of control experiments. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Vilsmeier−Haack Reaction of 1-Cyclopropyl-2-arylethanones
作者:Xiang-Ying Tang、Min Shi
DOI:10.1021/jo801492k
日期:2008.11.7
A convenient and efficient method to synthesize 3-(2-chloroethyl)-5-aryl-4H-pyran-4-ones 2 and 2-chloro-3-(2-chloroethyl)-1-naphthaldehydes 3 in moderate to good yields was developed via the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction of readily available 1-cyclopropyl-2-arylethanones 1 at different temperature. This reaction proceeds via sequential enolization, ring opening, haloformylation, and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization or Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions to produce 2 or 3.