4-Phenylpyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-1,3(2H,6H)-dione Inhibitors of the Checkpoint Kinase Wee1. Structure−Activity Relationships for Chromophore Modification and Phenyl Ring Substitution
摘要:
High-throughput screening has identified a novel class of inhibitors of the checkpoint kinase Wee1, which have potential for use in cancer chemotherapy. These inhibitors are based on a 4-phenylpyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole- 1,3(2H,6H)-dione template and have been shown by X-ray crystallography to bind at the ATP site of the enzyme. An extensive study of the effects of substitution around this template has been carried out, which has identified substituents which lead to improvements in potency and selectivity for Wee1. While retention of the maleimide ring and pendant 4-phenyl group is necessary for potency, replacement of the carbazole nitrogen by oxygen is well tolerated and results in improved Wee1 selectivity against the related checkpoint kinase Chk1. Wee1 potency and selectivity are also enhanced by the incorporation of lipophilic functionality at the 2'-position of the 4-phenyl ring, and Wee1 selectivity against Chk1 is favored by C3-C5 alkyl substitution of the carbazole nitrogen. These studies provide a basis for the design of active analogues of the pyrrolocarbazole lead with improved physical properties.
The Enantioselective, Organocatalyzed Diels-Alder Reaction of 2-Vinylindoles with α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes: An Efficient Route to Functionalized Tetrahydrocarbazoles
Prolinol catalysts: A highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective prolinol‐catalyzedDiels–Alderreaction of 2‐vinylindoles and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is developed (see scheme). This methodology allows the development of further applications of prolinols in asymmetric synthesis. The resulting densely functionalized enantiomerically pure tetrahydrocarbazoles are useful in the total synthesis of natural
Organocatalytic Diels-Alder Reaction of 2-Vinylindoles with Methyleneindolinones: An Efficient Approach to Functionalized Carbazolespirooxindoles
作者:Lin-Jie Huang、Jiang Weng、Sheng Wang、Gui Lu
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201400780
日期:2015.3.23
An unprecedented asymmetricDiels–Alderreaction of 2‐vinylindoles with methyleneindolinones has been disclosed. Under bifunctional organocatalysis by cinchona‐derived squaramide catalyst, a series of diversely functionalized carbazolespirooxindole derivatives bearing three contiguous stereocenters are rapidly constructed under mild conditions (48–90% yields, up to >20:1 dr and 99% ee).