Methiocarb sulfoxide is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).
As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)
Electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compound in edible agro-products based on LC-Q-Orbitrap
申请人：CHINESE ACADEMY OF INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE
公开号：US11169128B2
公开（公告）日：2021-11-09
Disclosed is an electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compound in edible agro-products based on LC-Q-Orbitrap. The electronic ID database includes a collection of various pesticides compound electronic ID information, intelligent matching values and collision energies. It is ordered according to the retention time in the electronic ID. The electronic ID contains pesticide compounds information, retention time, adduct ions information, fragment ions information, collision energies, and the optimal full scan mass spectrum. The detection method includes sample pre-treatment, setting LC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions and sample pesticide residue screening. Setting LC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions contain setting suitable chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. In pesticide residue screening procedures, firstly, the retention time is used to find pesticide compounds electronic ID database. If matching, the corresponding electronic ID information is extracted. Then the intelligent matching value is compared, if it is same, the result is recorded and displayed, and the screening is completed.
本发明公开了一种基于 LC-Q-Orbitrap 的食用农产品中农药化合物电子 ID 数据库及检测方法。电子 ID 数据库包括各种农药化合物电子 ID 信息、智能匹配值和碰撞能量的集合。它根据电子 ID 的保留时间进行排序。电子 ID 包含农药化合物信息、保留时间、加成离子信息、碎片离子信息、碰撞能量和最佳全扫描质谱。检测方法包括样品预处理、设置 LC-Q-Orbitrap 运行条件和样品农药残留筛选。设置 LC-Q-Orbitrap 运行条件包括设置合适的色谱和质谱条件。在农药残留筛选程序中，首先利用保留时间查找农药化合物电子 ID 数据库。如果匹配，则提取相应的电子 ID 信息。然后比较智能匹配值，如果相同，则记录并显示结果，完成筛选。
Electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compounds in edible Agro-products based on GC-Q-Orbitrap
申请人：CHINESE ACADEMY OF INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE
公开号：US11181512B2
公开（公告）日：2021-11-23
Disclosed is an electronic ID database and detection method for pesticide compounds in edible agro-products based on GC-Q-Orbitrap. The electronic ID database includes a collection of various pesticide compounds electronic ID information and is sorted according to retention time in the electronic ID. The electronic ID contains pesticide compounds information, retention time, mass spectrum, fragment ions information and intelligent matching value. The detection method includes sample pretreatment procedures, setting GC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions and screening procedures for pesticide residues in samples, wherein setting GC-Q-Orbitrap operating conditions includes setting suitable chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions. In pesticide residue screening procedures, firstly, the retention time is used to find out pesticide compounds in electronic ID database. If there is a match, the corresponding electronic ID information is extracted. Then the intelligent matching value is compared, if it is less than threshold value, the result is recorded and displayed, and the screening is completed.
本发明公开了一种基于 GC-Q-Orbitrap 的食用农产品中农药化合物电子 ID 数据库和检测方法。电子标识数据库包括各种农药化合物电子标识信息的集合，并根据电子标识中的保留时间进行排序。电子 ID 包含农药化合物信息、保留时间、质谱、碎片离子信息和智能匹配值。检测方法包括样品前处理程序、GC-Q-Orbitrap 操作条件设置和样品中农药残留筛选程序，其中 GC-Q-Orbitrap 操作条件设置包括设置合适的色谱和质谱条件。在农药残留筛选程序中，首先利用保留时间在电子 ID 数据库中查找农药化合物。如果匹配，则提取相应的电子 ID 信息。然后比较智能匹配值，如果小于阈值，则记录并显示结果，完成筛选。
Methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy of biologically-active ingredients
申请人：Windsor Brian J.
公开号：US20060276339A1
公开（公告）日：2006-12-07
The invention provides methods and compositions for modulating the sensitivity of cells to cytotoxic compounds and other active agents. In accordance with the invention, compositions are provided comprising combinations of ectophosphatase inhibitors and active agents. Active agents include antibiotics, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, chemotherapeutic agents, and plant growth regulators. By increasing the efficacy of active agents, the invention allows use of compositions with lowered concentrations of active ingredients.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CONTAMINANTS IN A SAMPLE
申请人：K & D LABORATORIES, INC.
公开号：US20140116112A1
公开（公告）日：2014-05-01
Methods are provided for rapidly determining the presence or absence of large numbers of contaminants in a test sample, such as a raw material intended for use in the preparation of a nutraceutical. The disclosed methods employ gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques together with the specific use of software in combination with a database to analyze data collected after ionization of the sample and determine the presence or absence of the contaminants in the sample.
Vaporizable Tobacco Wax Compositions and Container Thereof
申请人：Bond Street Manufacturing LLC
公开号：US20210007389A1
公开（公告）日：2021-01-14
The invention relates to tobacco wax compositions suitable for use in a vaporizer. The tobacco wax may comprise additional excipients including vapor agents, penetration agents, buffer agents, and theological agents. The composition contains nicotine. The tobacco wax composition leaves a minimum of residue in the vaporizer when used. In another aspect, the invention relates to a portion-sized container (“pod”) of a tobacco wax composition for administration to a mammal or person. The pod is intended tor use in a personal (or other) vaporizer.
