(4-硝基苯氧基)环氧乙烷(1a)、(2-氯-4-硝基苯氧基)环氧乙烷(1b)以及(4-苯基苯氧基)环氧乙烷(1c)被合成出来。在0.1 M NaClO4溶液中,测定了1a和1b在酸催化、无催化和氢氧化物离子催化条件下的反应速率,以及1c在酸催化和无催化条件下的水解速率。酸催化下,1a的水解速率比4-硝基邻苯二甲酰乙烷快约6200倍,1c的水解速率比苯基乙基砜快57倍。这些增加的速率归因于在取代的苯氧基环氧乙烷中存在、但在苯基乙基砜中不存在的苯氧基氧对乙酰碳上正在形成的正电荷的稳定作用。
在pH范围为2-14的1.0 M KCl溶液中,测定了1a和1b的pH-速率曲线。在中等pH下,1a和1b在1.0 M KCl溶液中的反应速率约为在0.1 M NaClO4溶液中相应速率的6-8倍。根据速率和产物研究表明,在KCl溶液中反应速率的增加是由于氯离子对环氧乙烷部分的甲基碳的双分子攻击所致。1a对酸催化水解的反应性大于1b,但在无催化和氢氧化物离子催化水解中,1a的反应性小于1b。化合物1c在酸水中解反应中比1a快约73倍,在无催化反应中则快约11倍。根据反应活性考虑,提出H2O和HO-作为亲核剂添加到1a和1b的环氧部分的甲基碳上,而H2O添加到1c的乙酰碳上。
[EN] AMINOPHENYLCYCLOPROPYL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES AS AGONISTS TO GPR40<br/>[FR] ACIDES AMINOPHENYLCYCLOPROPYLCARBOXYLIQUES ET LEURS DERIVES SERVANT D'AGONISTES DE GPR40
申请人:SMITHKLINE BEECHAM CORP
公开号:WO2005051890A1
公开(公告)日:2005-06-09
The present invention relates generally to novel therapeutic compounds and more particularly to novel compounds, their use as GPR40 agonists, processes for their manufacture, and intermediates useful in their preparation.
[EN] NOVEL DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS ANTIVIRAL AGENTS<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX DÉRIVÉS UTILES EN TANT QU'AGENTS ANTIVIRAUX
申请人:PASTEUR INSTITUT
公开号:WO2012014181A1
公开(公告)日:2012-02-02
The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) for use in the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections: Wherein X, Y, Z, T, R1a and R1b are as defined in claim 1.
TRIAZOLIUM CARBENE CATALYSTS AND PROCESSES FOR ASYMMETRIC CARBON-CARBON BOND FORMATION
申请人:Rovis Tomislav
公开号:US20130116445A1
公开(公告)日:2013-05-09
Provided herein are chiral triazolium catalysts useful for asymmetric C—C bond formation and processes for their preparation. Also provided are synthetic reactions in which these catalysts are used, in particular, in asymmetric C—C bond formation.
Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Elimination of Carboxylic Acids to Styrenes
作者:Michael P. Stanton、Jessica M. Hoover
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.2c02705
日期:2023.2.3
A copper-catalyzeddecarboxylative elimination reaction of (hetero)aromatic propionic acids to vinyl (hetero)arenes has been developed. This method furnishes alkenes from carboxylicacids without the need for stochiometric Pb or Ag additives or expensive or specialized photocatalysts. A series of mechanistic experiments indicate that the reaction proceeds via benzylic deprotonation and subsequent radical
已经开发了铜催化的(杂)芳族丙酸到乙烯基(杂)芳烃的脱羧消除反应。该方法无需化学计量的 Pb 或 Ag 添加剂或昂贵或专门的光催化剂即可从羧酸中提供烯烃。一系列机理实验表明,该反应通过苄基去质子化和随后的自由基脱羧进行;一种不同于涉及相关脱羧消除反应的单电子转移机制的途径。