AbstractTwenty‐one novel extended analogs of acetazolamide were synthesized and screened in vitro for their inhibition efficacy against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I, II, IX, XII, and cathepsin B. The majority of the compounds were found to be effective inhibitors of tumor‐associated hCA IX and XII, and poor inhibitors of cytosolic hCA I. Despite the strong to moderate inhibition potential possessed by these compounds toward another cytosolic isoform hCA II, some of them demonstrated better potency against hCA IX and/or XII isoforms as compared to hCA II. Four compounds (11f, 11g, 12c, and 12g) effectively inhibited hCA IX and/or XII isoforms with considerable selectivity over the off‐targets hCA I and II. Interestingly, five compounds, including 11f, 11g, 12c, 12d, and 12g, inhibited hCA IX even better than the clinically used acetazolamide. Some of the novel synthesized compounds exhibited higher anti‐cathepsin B potential than acetazolamide, with % inhibition of around 50%, at a concentration of 10−7 M. Further, two compounds (12g and 12c) that showed effective and selective inhibition activity profiles against hCA IX and XII were additionally found to be effective inhibitors of cathepsin B.
摘要 合成了 21 种新型乙酰唑胺扩展类似物,并在体外筛选了它们对人碳酸酐酶(hCA)同工酶 I、II、IX、XII 和 cathepsin B 的抑制效果。尽管这些化合物对另一种细胞膜异构体 hCA II 具有较强至中等程度的抑制潜力,但与 hCA II 相比,其中一些化合物对 hCA IX 和/或 XII 异构体具有更强的抑制作用。四种化合物(11f、11g、12c 和 12g)有效抑制了 hCA IX 和/或 XII 同工酶,其选择性远远高于非靶标 hCA I 和 II。有趣的是,包括 11f、11g、12c、12d 和 12g 在内的五个化合物对 hCA IX 的抑制作用甚至优于临床常用的乙酰唑胺。与乙酰唑胺相比,一些新合成的化合物具有更高的抗胰蛋白酶 B 的潜力,在 10-7 M 浓度下,抑制率约为 50%。此外,还发现两种化合物(12g 和 12c)对 hCA IX 和 XII 具有有效的选择性抑制活性,也是有效的钙蛋白 B 抑制剂。