The invention relates to compounds of the formula A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B Formula I and A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --B--D Formula V as well as stereoisomers and physiologically acceptable salts thereof which act as competitive inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases, particularly kininogenases. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredients and the use of the compounds as kininogenase inhibitors and in the treatment of diseases related to kinin formation.
The invention relates to new competitive tripeptide inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredients, and the use of the compounds as thrombin inhibitors, anticoagulants and antiinflammatory inhibitors for prophylaxis and treatment of related diseases.
Plant and Animal Glycolate Oxidases Have a Common Eukaryotic Ancestor and Convergently Duplicated to Evolve Long-Chain 2-Hydroxy Acid Oxidases
作者:Christian Esser、Anke Kuhn、Georg Groth、Martin J. Lercher、Veronica G. Maurino
DOI:10.1093/molbev/msu041
日期:2014.5
Glycolate oxidase (GOX) is a crucial enzyme of plant photorespiration. The encoding gene is thought to have originated from endosymbiotic gene transfer between the eukaryotic host and the cyanobacterial endosymbiont at the base of plantae. However, animals also possess GOX activities. Plant and animal GOX belong to the gene family of (L)-2-hydroxyacid-oxidases ((L)-2-HAOX). We find that all (L)-2-HAOX proteins in animals and archaeplastida go back to one ancestral eukaryotic sequence; the sole exceptions are green algae of the chlorophyta lineage. Chlorophyta replaced the ancestral eukaryotic (L)-2-HAOX with a bacterial ortholog, a lactate oxidase that may have been obtained through the primary endosymbiosis at the base of plantae; independent losses of this gene may explain its absence in other algal lineages (glaucophyta, rhodophyta, and charophyta). We also show that in addition to GOX, plants possess (L)-2-HAOX proteins with different specificities for medium- and long-chain hydroxyacids (lHAOX), likely involved in fatty acid and protein catabolism. Vertebrates possess lHAOX proteins acting on similar substrates as plant lHAOX; however, the existence of GOX and lHAOX subfamilies in both plants and animals is not due to shared ancestry but is the result of convergent evolution in the two most complex eukaryotic lineages. On the basis of targeting sequences and predicted substrate specificities, we conclude that the biological role of plantae (L)-2-HAOX in photorespiration evolved by co-opting an existing peroxisomal protein.
Heterogeneous catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol and primary alcohols into α-hydroxycarboxylic acids
作者:Shuheng Tian、Jiarui Li、Xingjie Peng、Yao Xu、Maoling Wang、Haoyi Tang、Wu Zhou、Meng Wang、Ding Ma
DOI:10.1007/s11426-023-1734-x
日期:2023.9
biomass platform feedstocks such as ethylene glycol (EG) and primary alcohols is novel and attractive. It was reported that the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of EG and primary alcohols can be achieved via homogeneouscatalysis. Herein, we report a heterogeneous catalytic strategy to produce a series of α-HCAs through the same reaction pathway. Impressive catalyticactivity and selectivity were achieved
Selective Transformation of Vicinal Glycols to α-Hydroxy Acetates in Water via a Dehydrogenation and Oxidization Relay Process by a Self-Supported Single-Site Iridium Catalyst
作者:Lingyun Shen、Zhe-Ning Chen、Qingshu Zheng、Jiajie Wu、Xin Xu、Tao Tu
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.1c04354
日期:2021.11.5
and biodegradable polymers, but their conventional syntheses are usually restricted to aromatic substrates, especially, in a stepwise manner. Herein, we disclose the transformation of alkyl and aryl vicinal glycols to α-hydroxy acetates in water under the air atmosphere with our solid self-supported NHC-Ir single-site catalyst. Both aliphatic and aromatic glycols are compatible with a much higher catalytic