2-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-indole

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吲哚及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 2-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-indole
• 英文别名: 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-phenylindole
• 化学式: C₂₁H₁₇N
• 分子量: 283.373
• InChiKey: BMOWKYFWMAJAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.7
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.05
• 拓扑面积：
  4.9
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1-((N,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfonamido)pyridin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate 、 2-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-indole 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 以84 %的产率得到N,4-dimethyl-N-(2-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  电子供体-受体复合物引发的吲哚的可见光驱动无催化剂胺化

  摘要：

  在没有任何添加剂的情况下，可见光驱动的吲哚 C2 或 C3 胺化是通过由吲哚和N-氨基吡啶盐形成的电子供体-受体 (EDA) 复合物引发的。该方法与多种底物兼容，无需添加任何光催化剂、过渡金属催化剂或碱即可顺利进行。进行了各种研究以检查 EDA 复合物的存在。

  DOI：

  10.1002/cjoc.202200772
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1-氯-2-碘苯 在 palladium diacetate copper(l) iodide 、 potassium tert-butylate 、 caesium carbonate 、 1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑鎓 作用下， 以 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 35.0h， 生成 2-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-indole
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Three-component indole synthesis using ortho-dihaloarenes

  摘要：

  A three-component synthesis of substituted indoles is accomplished starting from ortho-dihaloarenes through the use of a multicatalytic system consisting of an N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complex and CuI. The corresponding indole derivatives are obtained as single regioisomers in high yields of isolated product. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.095

文献信息

• Copper-catalyzed formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030065187A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-04-03

  The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-oxygen bond between the oxygen atom of an alcohol and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. The present invention also relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-carbon bond between a reactant comprising a nucleophilic carbon atom, e.g., an enolate or malonate anion, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. Importantly, all the methods of the present invention are relatively inexpensive to practice due to the low cost of the copper comprised by the catalysts.

  本发明涉及铜催化的碳-杂原子和碳-碳键形成方法。在某些实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在酰胺或胺基团的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在其他实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在酰基肼的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在另一些实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在含氮杂环芳烃（例如吲哚、吡唑和吲哌）的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在某些实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在醇的氧原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氧键。本发明还涉及铜催化的方法，用于在包含亲核碳原子的反应物（例如烯醇酸盐或丙二酸盐负离子）与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-碳键。重要的是，由于催化剂中铜的低成本，本发明的所有方法都相对廉价。
• One-Pot Approach to 1,2-Disubstituted Indoles via Cu(II)-Catalyzed Coupling/Cyclization under Aerobic Conditions and Its Application for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Indoles
  作者：Jilong Gao、Yingying Shao、Jiaoyan Zhu、Jiaqi Zhu、Hui Mao、Xiaoxia Wang、Xin Lv

  DOI：10.1021/jo501250u

  日期：2014.10.3

  derivatives were efficiently and facilely synthesized from 2-alkynylanilines and boronic acids. 2-(2-Bromoaryl)-1-aryl-1H-indoles, which were selectively generated in one pot under the Cu catalysis, afforded the indolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines via Pd-catalyzed intramolecular direct C(sp2)–H arylation. The one-pot tandem approaches to the polycyclic indole derivatives were also successfully achieved.

  通过Cu（II）催化的多米诺骨牌偶联/环化工艺已经开发出一种简单的1,2-二取代的吲哚组装体。在有氧条件下，可以从2-炔基苯胺和硼酸有效地合成各种1,2-二取代的吲哚衍生物。在铜催化下在一锅中选择性生成的2-（2-溴芳基）-1-芳基-1 H-吲哚通过Pd催化的分子内直接C（sp 2）提供吲哚[1,2- f ]菲啶）–芳基化。一锅串联方法也成功地实现了多环吲哚衍生物。
• Amination Reactions of Aryl Halides with Nitrogen-Containing Reagents Mediated by Palladium/Imidazolium Salt Systems
  作者：Gabriela A. Grasa、Mihai S. Viciu、Jinkun Huang、Steven P. Nolan

  DOI：10.1021/jo010613+

  日期：2001.11.1

  aryl chlorides. The ligand is also effective for the synthesis of benzophenone imines, which can be easily converted to the corresponding primary amines by acid hydrolysis. Less reactive indoles were converted to N-aryl-substituted indoles using as supporting ligand the more donating SIPr.HCl (5, SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene). The Pd(OAc)(2)/SIPr.HCl/NaOH system

  亲核N-杂环卡宾已被方便地用作胺改性反应的催化剂改性剂，该反应涉及芳基氯化物，芳基溴化物和芳基碘化物与各种含氮底物。使用各种底物测试了在碱，KO（t）Bu或NaOH存在下使用Pd（0）或Pd（II）源和咪唑鎓盐进行偶联过程的范围。Pd（2）（dba）（3）/IPr.HCl（1，IPr = 1,3-双（2,6-二异丙基苯基）咪唑-2-亚烷基）体系相对于电子中性和富电子的芳基氯化物。该配体对于二苯甲酮亚胺的合成也是有效的，其可以通过酸水解容易地转化为相应的伯胺。使用较多的SIPr.HCl（5，SIPr ＝ 1，3-双（2，6-二异丙基苯基）-4，5-二氢咪唑-2-亚烷基。Pd（OAc）（2）/SIPr.HCl/NaOH系统可有效用于各种吲哚与芳基溴的N-芳基化反应。所开发的通用方案已成功应用于重要的新抗生素合成中的关键中间体的合成。从机理上讲，钯与配体的比例研究强有力地支持了带有一个亲核卡宾配体的活性物质。
• An Alternative Role for Acetylenes: Activation of Fluorobenzenes toward Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
  作者：Nicholas P. Bizier、Jay Wm. Wackerly、Eric D. Braunstein、Mengfei Zhang、Stephen T. Nodder、Stephen M. Carlin、Jeffrey L. Katz

  DOI：10.1021/jo400668v

  日期：2013.6.21

  aspect of arylacetylene reactivity by utilizing alkynes as electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) for promoting nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. Reaction rates for the substitution of 4-(fluoroethynyl)benzenes by p-cresol were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and these rate data were used to determine substituent (Hammett) constants for terminal and substituted ethynyl groups. The synthetic

  乙炔是越来越多用途的官能团，可用于各种复杂性构建有机转化和所需分子结构的构建。在此我们通过利用炔烃作为促进亲核芳族取代（S吸电子基团（EWG）公开了芳基乙炔的反应性的先前被低估方面Ñ AR）的反应。反应速率为4的取代-（fluoroethynyl）由苯p甲酚通过确定1个H NMR光谱，并且这些速率数据被用于确定用于终端和取代的乙炔基的取代（哈米特）常数。乙炔活化S N的合成范围氩气反应范围广；带有一个或两个乙炔基的氟代芳烃被各种氧和芳基胺亲核试剂高产取代。
• Synthesis of indoles, benzofurans, and related heterocycles via an acetylene-activated S_NAr/intramolecular cyclization cascade sequence in water or DMSO
  作者：R. Hudson、N. P. Bizier、K. N. Esdale、J. L. Katz

  DOI：10.1039/c4ob02549k

  日期：——

  The synthesis of 2-substituted indoles and benzofurans was achieved by nucleophilic aromatic substitution, followed by subsequent 5-endo-dig cyclization between the nucleophile and an ortho acetylene. The acetylene serves the dual role of the electron withdrawing group to activate the substrate for SNAr, and the C1–C2 carbon scaffold for the newly formed 5-membered heteroaromatic ring. This method

  2-取代的吲哚和苯并呋喃的合成是通过亲核芳族取代，随后在亲核体和邻乙炔之间进行5-endo-dig环化来实现的。乙炔起着吸电子基团的双重作用，以激活S N Ar的底物，而C1-C2碳骨架则用于新形成的5元杂芳族环。这种方法可以使Ar–X–N / O–C1的键形成顺序在一个合成步骤中进行，从而以中等至高收率提供吲哚和苯并呋喃。由于该方法不是过渡金属介导的，因此可以耐受溴化和氯化的底物，可以使用水或水-DMSO混合物作为溶剂进行苯并呋喃的形成。