Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Alkenyldiarylmethane HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors That Possess Increased Hydrolytic Stability
作者:Matthew D. Cullen、Bo-Liang Deng、Tracy L. Hartman、Karen M. Watson、Robert W. Buckheit,、Christophe Pannecouque、Erik De Clercq、Mark Cushman
DOI:10.1021/jm070382k
日期:2007.10.1
Non-nucleosideinhibitors of HIV reversetranscriptase (NNRTIs), albeit not the mainstays of HIV/AIDS treatment, have become increasingly important in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to their unique mechanism of action. Several years ago our group identified the alkenyldiarylmethanes (ADAMs) as a potent and novelclass of NNRTIs; however, the most active compounds were found to be
Crystallographic Study of a Novel Subnanomolar Inhibitor Provides Insight on the Binding Interactions of Alkenyldiarylmethanes with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Reverse Transcriptase
作者:Matthew D. Cullen、William C. Ho、Joseph D. Bauman、Kalyan Das、Eddy Arnold、Tracy L. Hartman、Karen M. Watson、Robert W. Buckheit、Christophe Pannecouque、Erik De Clercq、Mark Cushman
DOI:10.1021/jm901167t
日期:2009.10.22
Two crystal structures have been solved for separate complexes of alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) 3 and 4 with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). The structures reveal inhibitor binding is exclusively hydrophobic in nature and the shape of the inhibitor-bound NNRTI binding pocket is unique among other reported inhibitor-RT crystal structures. Primarily, ADAMs 3 and 4 protrude from a large gap in the back side of the binding pocket, placing portions of the inhibitors unusually close to the polymerase active site and allowing 3 to form a weak hydrogen bond with Lys223. The lack of additional stabilizing interactions, beyond the observed hydrophobic surface contacts, between 4 and RT is quite perplexing given the extreme potency of the compound (IC50 <= 1 nM). ADAM 4 was designed to be hydrolytically stable in blood plasma, and an investigation of its hydrolysis in rat plasma demonstrated it has a significantly prolonged half-life in comparison to ADAM lead compounds 1 and 2.