名称:
Reactivity of Ortho-Palladated Benzamides toward CO, Isocyanides, and Alkynes. Synthesis of Functionalized Isoindolin-1-ones and 4,5-Disubstituted Benzo[c]azepine-1,3-diones
摘要:
Aryl palladium complexes [Pd{C6H4C(O)NRR'-2}I(tmeda)] [NRR' = NH2 (1a), NHMe (1b), NMe2 (1c); tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine] are prepared by oxidative addition of the corresponding 2-iodophenylbenzamides to Pd(dba)(2) ([Pd-2(dba)(3)]center dot dba; dba = dibenzylideneacetone) in the presence of tmeda. Cationic cyclometalated derivatives [Pd{'2C,O-C6H4C(O)NRR'-2}(tmeda)]TfO (2ac) are obtained by iodide abstraction from the appropriate complex 1 with AgTfO, while the deprotonation of the amide function of 1a or 1b with KOtBu gives the neutral amidate complexes [Pd{'2C,N-C6H4C(O)NR-2}(tmeda)] [R = H (3a), Me (3b)]. Complexes 2a,b and 3a,b react with CO under mild conditions to yield phthalimide (4a) or N-methylphthalimide (4b), whereas the reactions of derivatives 1c and 2c with CO are very slow and give N-1,N-1,N-2,N-2-tetramethylphthalamide and phthalic anhydride. The reaction of 1b with 1 equiv of XyNC (Xy = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) or tBuNC affords Pd(0), (tmedaH)I, and 3-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)-2-methylisoindolin-1-one (5b) or 3-(tert-butylimino)-2-methylisoindolin-1-one (5b'), respectively, while complex 1c reacts with 3 equiv of XyNC to give trans-[Pd{C('NXy)C6H4C(O)NMe2-2}I(CNXy)(2)] (6). The seven-membered palladacycles [Pd{'2C,O-C(X)'C(X')C6H4C(O)NRR'-2}(tmeda)]TfO [NRR' = NH2 and X = Ph, X' = Me (7a); NRR' = NHMe and X = Ph, X' = Me (7b), X = X' = Ph (8b), Et (9b), CO2Me (10b), X = CO2Me, X' = Ph (11b), X = CO2Et, X' = Ph (12b); NRR' = NMe2 and X = X' = Ph (8c), Et (9c)] are obtained from the reactions of 2ac with alkynes. Treatment of complexes 7a, 7b, 8b, and 9b with CO at room temperature gives the corresponding 2H-benzo[c]azepine-1,3-diones (14), resulting from the insertion of a molecule of CO into the PdC bond followed by a CN reductive coupling. In contrast, the reactions of 11b or 12b with CO in the presence of residual water or 2 equiv of ROH (R = Me, Et) lead to 2-methyl-3-phenylisoindolin-1-one derivatives (15), resulting from a CO insertion followed by an intramolecular aza-Michael addition of the NHMe moiety to the activated vinyl group and subsequent hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the acylPd bond. The neutral complex [Pd('2C,O-C14H13O5)(tmeda)] (18) was synthesized by reacting the cationic derivative 10b with NaOMe in MeOH. Depalladation of 18 gives (E)-4-[methoxy(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]-2-methylisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione (19).