The transesterification of an equimolar mixture of carboxylic esters and primary (1 degrees), secondary (2 degrees), and tertiary (3 degrees) alcohols in hydrocarbon solvents was promoted with high efficiency by a lanthanum(III) complex, which was prepared in situ from lanthanum(III) isopropoxide (1 mol %) and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol(2 mol %). The present La(III) catalyst was highly effective for the chemoselective transesterification in the presence of competitive 1 degrees- and 2 degrees-amines. Remarkably, esters were obtained in good to excellent yields as colorless materials without an inconvenient workup procedure.
Microwave-Assisted Ester Formation Using <i>O</i>-Alkylisoureas: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Esters with Inversion of Configuration
The formation of carboxylic esters via reaction of carboxylic acids with O-alkylisoureas proceeds in excellent yields with very short reaction times when conducted in a monomode microwave synthesizer. Efficient processes were developed using preformed or commercially available isoureas derived from primary and secondary alcohols, with a reaction time of only 5 min or less. It was demonstrated that under these microwave conditions, ester formation proceeded in good yields with clean inversion of configuration where appropriate. The process was validated using menthol, a hindered substrate for S(N)2 reactions. In addition, starting from primary alcohols, ester formation was successfully accomplished using ail in situ isourea formation procedure. A polymer-assisted solution-phase procedure was also developed by employing preformed solid-supported isoureas and by an efficient "catch and release" ester formation procedure whereby primary alcohols were caught on resin as isoureas by reaction with immobilized carbodiimide and released as esters by subsequent treatment with a carboxylic acids.
CCLXXX.—Optical activity and the polarity of substituent groups. Part IV. sec.-β-Octyl esters of o-, m-, and p-methoxy- and nitro-benzoic acids
作者:Harold Gordon Rule、Annie Hutton Numbers
DOI:10.1039/jr9262902116
日期:——
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 1-Alkylvinyl Benzoates: A Simple, Nonenzymatic Access to Chiral 2-Alkanols
作者:Patryk Kleman、Pedro J. González-Liste、Sergio E. García-Garrido、Victorio Cadierno、Antonio Pizzano
DOI:10.1002/chem.201303500
日期:2013.11.25
Going chiral! Highlyenantioselective catalytic hydrogenations of enolesters 1 by using a Rh catalyst bearing a POP ligand are described (see scheme; NBD=norbornadiene). The catalytic system has a broad scope and allows the preparation of a wide range of chiralesters 2 bearing diverse alkyls or a benzyl group with high enantioselectivities. These esters can easily be converted in highly enantioenriched