The clinical utility of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test as a screening test for mild dementia
摘要:
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) could be used as a valid and reliable screening test for mild dementia in older people, and to compare its performance to that of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Method: Using a cross-sectional design, we studied three groups of older subjects recruited from a district geriatric psychiatry service: (1) 26 patients with DSM-IV dementia and MMSE scores of 18 or better; (2) 15 patients with psychiatric diagnoses other than dementia; and (3) 15 normal controls. The relationship of each potential cutting point on the HVLT and the MMSE was examined against the independently ascertained DSM-IV diagnoses of dementia using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The subjects consisted of 21 (37.5%) males and 35 (62.5%) females with a mean age of 74.7 (SD 6.1) years and a mean of 8.5 (SD 1.8) years of formal education. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cutting point for detecting mild dementia in this group of subjects using the HVLT was 18/19 (sensitivity=0.96, specificity=0.80) and using the MMSE was 25/26 (sensitivity=0.88, specificity=0.93). Conclusions: The HVLT can be recommended as a valid and reliable screening test for mild dementia and as an adjunct in the clinical assessment of older people. The HVLT had better sensitivity than the MMSE in detecting patients with mild dementia, whereas the MMSE had better specificity.
Synthesis of (2E,4E)-dienals by double formyl-olefination with an arsonium salt and its application in the syntheses of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid
A new facile route to (2E,4E)-dienals by a double formyl-olefination with arsoniumsalts has been developed. By this method and with other arsonium reagents in the key step some lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, lipoxin A4 and B4 and leukotriene B4, have been synthesized.
The present invention relates to: a novel dienal compound which has an aromatic odor useful for use as a compound flavor raw material or the like; and a flavor composition containing the dienal compound. The dienal compound according to the present invention is characterized by being represented by general formula (1):
(wherein R represents an alkyl group having 8 to 10 carbon atoms; and a wavy line represents a cis form, a trans form, or a mixture of a cis form and a trans form).
[EN] FRAGRANCE AND FLAVOR COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING ISOMERIC ALKADIENALS OR ISOMERIC ALKADIENENITRILES<br/>[FR] COMPOSITION AROMATISÉE OU PARFUMÉE CONTENANT DES ALCADIÉNALS ISOMÈRES OU DES ALCADIÈNENITRILES ISOMÈRES
申请人:BEDOUKIAN RES INC
公开号:WO2017100426A1
公开(公告)日:2017-06-15
A composition containing at least one isomeric alkadienal or at least one isomeric alkadienenitrile in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the composition. A fragrance or flavor composition containing at least one isomeric alkadienal or at least one isomeric alkadienenitrile in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the composition. A consumer product containing the fragrance or flavor composition having at least one isomeric alkadienal or at least one isomeric alkadienenitrile in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the composition. A method of imparting a fragrance or flavor to a consumer product by adding to the consumer product a fragrance or flavor composition containing at least one isomeric alkadienal or at least one isomeric alkadienenitrile in an amount effective to impart a fragrance or flavor to the consumer product.
Absorbent articles which are provided with an odour control system. The odour control system includes at least two classes of odour control materials, wherein one class acts on malodours or a malodorous substance in the absorbent article, whereas a second class acts on nose receptors. The classes of odour control materials may be selected to provide a synergistic effect in terms of malodour reduction.
Absorbent articles including an improved odour control system
申请人:The Procter and Gamble Company
公开号:EP1886698A1
公开(公告)日:2008-02-13
Absorbent articles which are provided with an odour control system The odour control system includes at least two classes of odour control materials, wherein a first class comprises at least a material having low volatility, and a second class comprises at least a material having high volatility. The odour control system is provided in the absorbent article in a selected position and amount to provide a prolonged odour control action.