Homology modeling in tandem with 3D-QSAR analyses: A computational approach to depict the agonist binding site of the human CB2 receptor
摘要:
CB2 receptor belongs to the large family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) controlling a wide variety of signal transduction. The recent crystallographic determination of human beta 2 adrenoreceptor and its high sequence similarity with human CB2 receptor (hCB2) prompted us to compute a theoretical model of hCB2 based also on beta 2 adrenoreceptor coordinates. This model has been employed to perform docking and molecular dynamic simulations on WIN-55,212-2 (CB2 agonist commonly used in binding experiments), in order to identify the putative CB2 receptor agonist binding site, followed by molecular docking studies on a series of indol-3-yl-tetramethylcyclopropyl ketone derivatives, a novel class of potent CB2 agonists. Successively, docking-based Comparative Molecular Fields Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) studies were also performed. The CoMSIA model resulted to be the more predictive, showing r(ncv)(2) = 0.96, r(cv)(2) = 0.713, SEE = 0.193, F = 125.223, and r(pred)(2) = 0.78. The obtained 3D-QSAR models allowed us to derive more complete guidelines for the design of new analogues with improved potency so as to synthesize new indoles showing high CB2 affinity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Unconventional Knoevenagel-type indoles: Synthesis and cell-based studies for the identification of pro-apoptotic agents
作者:Andrea Spallarossa、Chiara Caneva、Matteo Caviglia、Silvana Alfei、Stefania Butini、Giuseppe Campiani、Sandra Gemma、Margherita Brindisi、Daniela M. Zisterer、Sandra A. Bright、Clive D. Williams、Emmanuele Crespan、Giovanni Maga、Giuseppina Sanna、Ilenia Delogu、Gabriella Collu、Roberta Loddo
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.009
日期:2015.9
A new series of indole-based analogues were recently identified as potential anticancer agents. The Knoevenagel-type indoles herein presented were prepared via a one-pot condensation of iminium salts with active methylene reagents and were isolated as single geometric isomers. Biological evaluation in different cell-based assays revealed an antiproliferative activity for some analogues already in the nanomolar range against leukaemia, breast. and renal cancer cell lines. To explain these effects, the most promising analogues of the series were engaged in further cell-based studies. Compounds 5e, I, p and 6a, b highlighted a pro-apoptotic potential being able to induce apoptosis in HL60, K562 and MCF-7 cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner. The ability of these compounds to arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase inspired the immunofluorescence studies which allowed us to identify tubulin as a potential target for compounds 5l and 6b. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.