Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of novel phenoxyacetamide-based free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
摘要:
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) has attracted extensive attention as a novel antidiabetic target in the last decade. Several FFA1 agonists reported in the literature have been suffered from relatively high molecular weight and lipophilicity. We have previously reported the FFA1 agonist 1. Based on the common amide structural characteristic of SAR1 and NIH screened compound, we here describe the continued structure-activity exploration to decrease the molecular weight and lipophilicity of the compound 1 series by converting various amide linkers. All of these efforts lead to the discovery of the preferable lead compound 18, a compound with considerable agonistic activity, high LE and LLE values, lower lipophilicity than previously reported agonists, and appreciable efficacy on glucose tolerance in both normal and type 2 diabetic mice. (c) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Chlorination of 2-Phenoxypropanoic Acid with NCP in Aqueous Acetic Acid: Using a Novel Ortho−Para Relationship and the Para/Meta Ratio of Substituent Effects for Mechanism Elucidation
作者:Manuel A. P. Segurado、João Carlos R. Reis、Jaime D. Gomes de Oliveira、Senthamaraikannan Kabilan、Manohar Shanthi
DOI:10.1021/jo0706224
日期:2007.7.1
beyond the aromatic ring. Activation enthalpies and entropies were estimated for substrates bearing the isoselective substituent in either ortho and para positions, being demonstrated that they are much different from the values for the parent substrate. The electrophilic attack on the phenolic oxygen atom by the protonated chlorinating agent is proposed as the rate-determiningstep, this step being followed
The sweetness of an ingestible product or oral composition containing a sweetening sugar or sugar alcohol in relatively large quantities can be reduced and/or the flavour enhanced by incorporation of at least one compound of the general formula (I)
in which m represents 0 or 1, A represents a homocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic group with one or more rings; and B represents a hydrogen atom, a lower aliphatic group with 1-3 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; or, when m represents 0, A and B together represent a bivalent homocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic group with two or more rings, or a methylidene group carrying as a substituent a homocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic group with one or more rings; an aromatic ring of A, or of A and B together, optionally carrying one to three substituents selected from lower alkoxy groups, lower alkyl alkenyl groups, formyl or acetyl groups, hydroxy groups or acyloxy groups, and halogen atoms;
C represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or, when m represents 0, a hydroxy or alkoxy group;
D represents an oxygen or sulphur atom;
X+ represents a hydrogen ion or another physiologically compatible cation;
with the proviso that m represents 1 when S represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and Band C both represent hydrogen atoms; or when A represents an unsubstituted phenyl group, B represents an alkyl group and C represents a hydrogen atom.
通过加入至少一种通式(I)化合物,可降低含有相对大量甜味剂糖或糖醇的可食用产品或口服组合物的甜度和/或增强其风味
其中,m 代表 0 或 1,A 代表具有一个或多个环的均环或杂环芳香基团;B 代表氢原子、具有 1-3 个碳原子的低级脂肪族基团或苯基;或者,当 m 代表 0 时,A 和 B 共同代表具有两个或多个环的二价均环或杂环芳香基团,或者代表以具有一个或多个环的均环或杂环芳香基团为取代基的亚甲基;A 的芳香环,或 A 和 B 的芳香环,可选择带有一至三个取代基,这些取代基选 自低级烷氧基、低级烷基烯基、甲酰基或乙酰基、羟基或酰氧基以及卤素原子;
C 代表氢原子或烷基,或当 m 代表 0 时,代表羟基或烷氧基;
D 代表氧原子或硫原子;
X+ 代表氢离子或其他生理上相容的阳离子;
但当 S 代表取代或未取代的苯基且带 C 均代表氢原子时,或当 A 代表未取代的苯基,B 代表烷基且 C 代表氢原子时,m 代表 1。
Ingestibles containing substantially tasteless sweetness inhibitors as bitter taste reducers or substantially tasteless bitter inhibitors as sweet taste reducers
申请人:BIORESEARCH, INC.
公开号:EP0727149A2
公开(公告)日:1996-08-21
Sweetness inhibitors which are substantially tasteless have been found to be bitter taste inhibitors or blockers. Conversely, bitter taste inhibitors which are substantially tasteless have been found to be sweet taste inhibitors or blockers.
Ingestible containing substantially tasteless sweetness inhibitors as bitter taste reducers or substantially tasteless bitter inhibitors as sweet taste reducers
申请人:BIORESEARCH, INC.
公开号:EP0728419A2
公开(公告)日:1996-08-28
Sweetness inhibitors which are substantially tasteless have been found to be bitter taste inhibitors or blockers. Conversely, bitter taste inhibitors which are substantially tasteless have been found to be sweet taste inhibitors or blockers.