Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of benzocaine isosteres designed as humane rodenticides
摘要:
A number of isosteres (oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, tetrazoles and diazines) of benzocaine were prepared and evaluated for their capacity to induce methemoglobinemia-with a view to their possible application as humane pest control agents. It was found that an optimal lipophilicity for the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) in vitro existed within each series, with 1,2,4-oxadiazole 3 (metHb% = 61.0 +/- 3.6) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole 10 (metHb% = 52.4 +/- 0.9) demonstrating the greatest activity. Of the 5 candidates (compounds 3, 10, 11, 13 and 23) evaluated in vivo, failure to induce a lethal end-point at doses of 120 mg/kg was observed in all cases. Inadequate metabolic stability, particularly towards hepatic enzymes such as the CYPs, was postulated as one reason for their failure. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of analogues of para-aminopropiophenone designed as humane rodenticides
摘要:
A number of structural analogues of the known toxicant para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) have been prepared and evaluated for their capacity to induce methemoglobinemia-with a view to their possible application as humane pest control agents. It was found that an optimal lipophilicity for the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) in vitro existed for alkyl analogues of PAPP (aminophenones 1-20; compound 6 metHb% = 74.1 +/- 2). Besides lipophilicity, this structural sub-class suggested there were certain structural requirements for activity, with both branched (10-16) and cyclic (17-20) alkyl analogues exhibiting inferior in vitro metHb induction. Of the four candidates (compounds 4, 6, 13 and 23) evaluated in vivo, 4 exhibited the greatest toxicity. In parallel, aminophenone bioisosteres, including oximes 30-32, sulfoxide 33, sulfone 34 and sulfonamides 35-36, were found to be inferior metHb inducers to lead ketone 4. Closer examination of Hammett substituent constants suggests that a particular combination of the field and resonance parameters may be significant with respect to the redox mechanisms behind PAPPs metHb toxicity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, larvicidal activity, and SAR studies of new benzoylphenylureas containing oxime ether and oxime ester group
作者:Ranfeng Sun、Yongqiang Li、Maoyun Lü、Lixia Xiong、Qingmin Wang
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.144
日期:2010.8
A series of new structural benzoylphenylureas (BPUs) containing oxime ether and oximeestergroup were designed and synthesized. The larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm and mosquito of these benzoylphenylureas were evaluated and the result of bioassay displayed specific structure–activity relationship (SAR). Most of the compounds exhibited excellent larvicidal activities against Oriental