The development of the HIV-protease inhibitor, saquinavir (Ro 31-8959), required a range of analytical methods for the measurement of the parent drug and drug-related material in biological fluids. This paper describes the synthesis of 14-carbon and tritium labelled compounds used for in vivo and in vitro investigations of the absorption and disposition of saquinavir in animals and man. It also discusses the preparation of saquinavir labelled with deuterium and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. These forms of the drug were needed for bioequivalence studies in which HPLC/MS/MS was employed for the measurement of plasma concentrations. Finally, the synthesis of a 125-iodine labelled tracer used in a radioimmunoassay for saquinavir is described.
An electrochemical protocol for the construction of substituted isoindolinones via reduction/amidation of 2-carboxybenzaldehydes and amines has been realized. Under metal-free and external-reductant-free electrolytic conditions, the reaction achieves the cascade formation of intermolecular C–N bonds and provides a series of isoindolinones in moderate to good yields. The deuterium-labeling experiment
n of alkenes with anilines has been developed for the atom-economical synthesis of 2-substituted propanamides bearing an α-stereocenter. A novel phosphoramidite ligand L16 was discovered which exhibited very high reactivity and selectivity in the reaction. This asymmetric Markovnikov hydroaminocarbonylation employs readily available starting materials and tolerates a wide range of functional groups
Transition-metal and base-free thioannulation of propynamides with sodium sulfide and dichloromethane for the selective synthesis of 1,3-thiazin-4-ones and thiazolidine-4-ones
A thioannulation of propynamides with sodium sulfide and CH2Cl2 in the absence of transition-metal and base has been established. This one-pot tandem reaction provides a facile and efficient method for the selective synthesis of 1,3-thiazide-4-ones or thiazolidine-4-ones through constructing both C–N and C–S bonds. The atom-economic reaction features mild conditions and good functional group tolerance
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions of 1-Cyclopropyl-2-propyn-1-ols with Anilines and Water via Allenylidene Intermediates: Selective Preparation of Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Conjugated Enynes
Ruthenium-catalyzed efficient preparation of the conjugated enynes can be carried out in the reactions of 1-cyclopropyl-2-propyn-1-ols with nitrogen- and oxygen-centered nucleophiles such as anilines and water in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfur-bridged diruthenium complexes. The use of such complexes as catalysts realizes the completely stereoselective preparation of tri- and tetrasubstituted
base-mediated hydroamination protocol, using substoichiometric amounts of a hydrosilane and potassium tert-butoxide, that operates under mild conditions at 30 °C. Many aryl- and heteroatom-substituted olefins as well as arylamines are tolerated, affording the desired products with complete regioselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal a non-radical pathway for hydroamination. A sequential
我们提出了一种碱介导的加氢胺化方案,使用亚化学计量的氢硅烷和叔丁醇钾,在 30°C 的温和条件下运行。可以耐受许多芳基和杂原子取代的烯烃以及芳基胺,从而提供具有完全区域选择性的所需产物。初步的机理研究揭示了加氢胺化的非自由基途径。还开发了一种顺序远程加氢胺化策略,包括初始 Fe 催化的烯烃异构化,然后是我们的碱介导的加氢胺化,以直接从末端脂肪族烯烃中获取 β-芳基胺。