butyl 2-methylhex-1-enyl ketone | 16197-85-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机氧化合物
• 英文名称: butyl 2-methylhex-1-enyl ketone
• 英文别名: 7-methyl-undec-6-en-5-one；7-Methyl-undec-6-en-5-on；7-Methylundec-6-en-5-one
• CAS: 16197-85-6
• 化学式: C₁₂H₂₂O
• 分子量: 182.306
• InChiKey: QJWIUJKYEMHGFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.3
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  7
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.75
• 拓扑面积：
  17.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-己醇 在 air 、 乙醚 、 silver-asbestos 作用下， 生成 butyl 2-methylhex-1-enyl ketone
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Grignard; Fluchaire, Annales de Chimie (Cachan, France), 1928, vol. <10>9, p. 17

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Differences in Frequency of the Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene in Different Ethnic Groups
  作者：James Mathew、Khaja Basheeruddin、Suresha Prabhakar

  DOI：10.1177/000331970105200602

  日期：2001.6

  A polymorphism characterized by the insertion or deletion of a 287-bp Alu repeat sequence in intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene determines about half the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level variability among individuals. The deletion polymorphism is associated with higher levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme and perhaps with a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases. The relative frequency of this genetic polymorphism in different ethnic groups is not known. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in different ethnic groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype was determined in middle-aged healthy hospital workers of three different ethnic origins (African Americans, whites, and Indians). There were 142 African Americans, 136 Indians, and 82 whites. The distribution of the deletion-deletion, insertion-deletion, and insertion-insertion genotypes in African Americans (29%, 60%, and 11 %, respectively), Indians (19%, 50%, and 31 %, respectively) and whites (29%, 40%, and 31 %, respectively) was significantly different (p = < 0.005). The frequency of the deletion allele among African Americans, Indians, and whites (0.59, 0.49, and 0.44, respectively) was also significantly different (p = 0.05). African Americans had the highest frequency of deletion allele and the lowest frequency of the insertion-insertion genotype among the three groups. The frequency of the deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is different among African Americans, whites, and Indians. This may be important in relation to the high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in African Americans and may be relevant in explaining differences in cardiovascular diseases in different populations. This finding also emphasizes the importance of studying angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in genetically homogenous populations. Because of the small size of this study, however, these findings need further confirmation.

  一种多态性特征，由血管紧张素转换酶基因内含子16中的287-bp Alu重复序列的插入或缺失决定了个体间大约一半血清血管紧张素转换酶水平的变异性。缺失多态性与更高水平的血管紧张素转换酶以及可能更高的心血管疾病风险相关联。不同种族群体中这种遗传多态性的相对频率尚不清楚。本研究的目的是比较不同种族群体中血管紧张素转换酶基因插入/缺失多态性的频率。在三个不同种族起源（非裔美国人、白人和印第安人）的中年健康医院工作者中确定了血管紧张素转换酶基因型。有142名非裔美国人、136名印第安人和82名白人。非裔美国人（分别为29％、60％和11％）、印第安人（分别为19％、50％和31％）和白人（分别为29％、40％和31％）的缺失-缺失、插入-缺失和插入-插入基因型的分布显著不同（p = <0.005）。非裔美国人、印第安人和白人的缺失等位基因频率（分别为0.59、0.49和0.44）也显著不同（p = 0.05）。非裔美国人的缺失等位基因频率最高，插入-插入基因型频率最低。血管紧张素转换酶基因的缺失多态性在非裔美国人、白人和印第安人中不同。这可能与非裔美国人心血管发病率和死亡率高的情况相关，并可能有助于解释不同人群心血管疾病的差异。这一发现也强调了在遗传同质人群中研究血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性的重要性。然而，由于本研究规模较小，这些发现需要进一步确认。
• Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass-Derived Methyl Ketones to Liquid Transportation Fuel Precursors by an Organocatalytic Approach
  作者：Shylesh Sankaranarayanapillai、Sanil Sreekumar、Joseph Gomes、Adam Grippo、George E. Arab、Martin Head-Gordon、F. Dean Toste、Alexis T. Bell

  DOI：10.1002/anie.201412470

  日期：2015.4.7

  silanol/aluminol with secondary amine groups can mimic proline catalysts and are more effective in catalyzing the selective dimerization reaction than the combination of amines with organic acids. In situ FTIR measurements demonstrate that acidic groups activate methyl ketones through their carbonyl groups leading to a favorable CC bond formation step involving an enamine intermediate. DFT analysis of the reaction

  通过将现场隔离的仲胺接枝到二氧化硅-氧化铝载体上，开发了一种高效的耐水，固体基催化剂，用于将生物质衍生的甲基酮自缩合为喷气柴油燃料的前体。结果表明，除了胺基团的性质和密度以及酸性和碱性位点的空间分隔外，载体材料的酸度在确定催化活性方面起着至关重要的作用。还发现弱酸性硅烷醇/铝醇与仲胺基的组合可以模拟脯氨酸催化剂，并且比胺与有机酸的组合更有效地催化选择性二聚反应。现场FTIR测量表明，酸性基团通过其羰基激活甲基酮，从而产生有利的C涉及烯胺中间体的C键形成步骤。反应路径的DFT分析证实了CC键的形成是限速步骤。
• Highly Selective Condensation of Biomass-Derived Methyl Ketones as a Source of Aviation Fuel
  作者：Eric R. Sacia、Madhesan Balakrishnan、Matthew H. Deaner、Konstantinos A. Goulas、F. Dean Toste、Alexis T. Bell

  DOI：10.1002/cssc.201500002

  日期：2015.5.22

  Aviation fuel (i.e., jet fuel) requires a mixture of C9–C16 hydrocarbons having both a high energy density and a low freezing point. While jet fuel is currently produced from petroleum, increasing concern with the release of CO2 into the atmosphere from the combustion of petroleum‐based fuels has led to policy changes mandating the inclusion of biomass‐based fuels into the fuel pool. Here we report

  航空燃料（即喷气燃料）需要具有高能量密度和低凝固点的C 9 -C 16碳氢化合物的混合物。当前，喷气燃料是从石油中生产的，但人们越来越关注石油基燃料燃烧过程中向大气中释放的CO 2，从而导致政策变化，要求将生物质基燃料纳入燃料库。在这里，我们报告了一种新颖的方法，可以以非常高的收率（> 94％）来生产支化环己烷衍生物的混合物，该混合物可达到或超过喷气燃料的许多所需特性。作为起始原料，我们使用的混合物Ñ‐烷基甲基酮及其衍生自生物质的衍生物。这些合成子通过碱催化的醛醇缩合和迈克尔加成反应缩合成三聚体。这些产品的加氢脱氧生成C 12 –C 21支链环状烷烃的混合物。使用模型来预测从正烷基甲基酮混合物中获得的碳数分布并预测最终环烷烃混合物的沸点分布，我们证明可以定义将密切复制该化合物的合成子混合物。传统航空燃油的蒸馏曲线。
• Reformatsky-type addition of esters of α-halogeno carboxylic acids to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Fe(CO)5
  作者：A. B. Terent'ev、T. T. Vasil'eva、N. A. Kuz'mina、E. I. Mysov、N. S. Ikonnikov、N. Yu. Kuznetsov、Yu. N. Belokon

  DOI：10.1007/bf02496013

  日期：1999.6

  Reformatsky-type addition of esters of α-halogeno carboxylic acids to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of Fe(CO)5 and an activating agent (CBrCl3 or I2) afforded the corresponding esters of β-hydroxy acids in good yields. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.

  在 Fe(CO)5 和活化剂（CBrCl3 或 I2）存在下，α-卤代羧酸酯与醛和酮的 Reformatsky 型加成以良好的产率得到相应的 β-羟基酸酯。讨论了可能的反应机制。
• METHODS FOR PRODUCING FUELS, GASOLINE ADDITIVES, AND LUBRICANTS USING AMINE CATALYSTS
  申请人：The Regents of the University of California

  公开号：US20170327448A1

  公开（公告）日：2017-11-16

  Provided herein are methods for producing α,β-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The α,β-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such α,β-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

  本文提供了一种制备α，β-不饱和酮的方法，该方法是通过在胺催化剂存在下对甲基酮进行缩合反应实现的。这样的胺催化剂可以被负载在二氧化硅-氧化铝载体上。这样的胺催化剂可以在存在额外酸的情况下使用。α，β-不饱和酮可以通过甲基酮的二聚化和/或三聚化产生。这样的α，β-不饱和酮可适用于生产燃料、汽油添加剂和/或润滑剂，或其前体。甲基酮可以从可再生来源获得，例如通过生物质发酵。