Remarkable Improvement Achieved by Imidazole Derivatives in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroesterification of Alkenes Using Formates
摘要:
Imidazole derivatives are revealed to be effective ligands in the Ru-catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates, affording one-carbon-elongated esters in high yields. Further, intramolecular hydroesterification was successfully performed to give lactones for the first time. Imidazole derivatives can contribute to promote the reaction as well as to suppress the undesired decarbonylation of formate. Toxic CO gas, a directing group, and large excess alkenes are not required.
Remarkable Improvement Achieved by Imidazole Derivatives in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroesterification of Alkenes Using Formates
摘要:
Imidazole derivatives are revealed to be effective ligands in the Ru-catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates, affording one-carbon-elongated esters in high yields. Further, intramolecular hydroesterification was successfully performed to give lactones for the first time. Imidazole derivatives can contribute to promote the reaction as well as to suppress the undesired decarbonylation of formate. Toxic CO gas, a directing group, and large excess alkenes are not required.
Imidazole Derivatives as Accelerators for Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroesterification and Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes: Extensive Ligand Screening and Mechanistic Study
Imidazolederivatives are effective ligands for promoting the [Ru3(CO)12]‐catalyzed hydroesterification of alkenes using formates. Extensiveligandscreening was performed to identify 2‐hydroxymethylated imidazole as the optimal ligand. Neither carbon monoxide gas nor a directing group was required, and the reaction also showed a wide substrate generality. The Ru–imidazole catalyst system also promoted
Positive resists sensitive to UV, electron beam, and x-ray radiation which are alkaline developable are formulated from a polymer material comprising recurrent structures having alkaline soluble groups pendent to the polymer backbone, a portion of which groups are substituted with acid labile groups. The attached drawing shows comparative spectral compositions of 1,4 µm resist films of various compositions according to the present invention.
对紫外线、电子束和 X 射线辐射敏感的正性抗蚀剂可在碱性条件下显影,这种抗蚀剂是由聚合物材料配制而成的,这种聚合物材料包括具有悬垂于聚合物主链上的碱溶性基团的递归结构,其中一部分基团被酸性基团取代。附图显示了根据本发明制成的各种成分的 1.4 微米抗蚀剂薄膜的光谱成分比较。
Positive resists sensitive to UV, electron beam, and x-ray radiation which are alkaline developable are formulated from a polymer material comprising recurrent structures having alkaline soluble groups pendent to the polymer backbone, a portion of which groups are substituted with acid labile groups.
可碱性显影的对紫外线、电子束和 X 射线辐射敏感的阳离子抗蚀剂是由一种聚合物材料配制而成的,这种聚合物材料包括具有悬垂于聚合物骨架上的碱溶性基团的递归结构,其中一部分基团被酸性基团取代。