Discovery of 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-(3<i>R</i>)-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3<i>S</i>)- hydroxypropyl]-(4<i>S</i>)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone (SCH 58235): A Designed, Potent, Orally Active Inhibitor of Cholesterol Absorption
作者:Stuart B. Rosenblum、Tram Huynh、Adriano Afonso、Harry R. Davis、Nathan Yumibe、John W. Clader、Duane A. Burnett
DOI:10.1021/jm970701f
日期:1998.3.1
(3R)-(3-Phenylpropyl)-1,(4S)-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone (2, SCH 48461), a novel inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption, has recently been described by Burnett et al. and has been demonstrated to lower total plasma cholesterol in man. The potential sites of metabolism of 2 were considered, and the most probable metabolites were prepared. The oral cholesterol-lowering efficacy of the putative metabolites was evaluated in a 7-day cholesterol-fed hamster model for the reduction of serum total cholesterol and liver cholesteryl esters versus control. On the basis of our analysis of the putative metabolite structure-activity relationship (SAR), SCH 58235 (1, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3R)-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3S)-hydroxypropyl]-(4S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone) was designed to exploit activity enhancing oxidation and to block sites of potential detrimental metabolic oxidation. Additionally, a series of congeners of 2 were prepared incorporating strategically placed hydroxyl groups and fluorine atoms to further probe the SAR of 2-azetidinone cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Through the SAR analysis of a series of putative metabolites of 2, compound 1 was targeted and found to exhibit remarkable efficacy with an ED50 of 0.04 mg/kg/day for the reduction of liver cholesteryl esters in a 7-day cholesterol-fed hamster model.
(3R)-(3-苯基丙基)-1,(4S)-双(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(2,SCH 48461),作为新型的肠道胆固醇吸收抑制剂,近期由Burnett等人提出,并已在人体中展现出降低总血浆胆固醇的效果。本研究考虑了化合物2的潜在代谢位点,并合成了最可能的代谢物。在胆固醇喂养的仓鼠模型中,评估了假设代谢物对血清总胆固醇和肝胆固醇酯降低的口服降胆固醇效力,相较于对照组。
基于对假设代谢物的结构-活性关系(SAR)分析,设计合成了SCH 58235(1,1-(4-氟苯基)-(3R)-[3-(4-氟苯基)-(3S)-羟基丙基]-(4S)-(4-羟基苯基)-2-氮杂环丁酮),旨在通过活性增强氧化来提升疗效,并在潜在有害代谢氧化的位置上进行阻断。同时,制备了一系列化合物2的类似物,引入了战略性放置的羟基和氟原子,以进一步探索2-氮杂环丁酮类胆固醇吸收抑制剂的SAR。
通过对化合物2系列假设代谢物的SAR分析,化合物1被靶向合成,并在胆固醇喂养的仓鼠模型中展现出显著效果,其降低肝胆固醇酯的ED50为0.04 mg/kg/day。