Double Diastereocontrol in Bifunctional Thiourea Organocatalysis: Iterative Michael–Michael–Henry Sequence Regulated by the Configuration of Chiral Catalysts
摘要:
The importance and reactivity consequences of the double diastereocontrol in noncovalent bifunctional organocatalysis were studied. The results suggest that the bifunctional thioureas can have synthetic limitations in multicomponent domino or autotandem catalysis. Nevertheless, we provided a means to exploit this behavior and used the configuration of the chiral catalyst as a control element in organo-sequential reactions.
Primary Amine-Thioureas with Improved Catalytic Properties for “Difficult” Michael Reactions: Efficient Organocatalytic Syntheses of (S)-Baclofen, (R)-Baclofen and (S)-Phenibut
作者:Michail Tsakos、Christoforos G. Kokotos、George Kokotos
DOI:10.1002/adsc.201100636
日期:2012.3
Among the class of primary amine‐thioureas based on tert‐butyl esters of α‐amino acids, the most efficient organocatalyst for “difficult” Michaelreactions was identified. The derivative based on (S)‐di‐tert‐butyl aspartate and (1R,2R)‐diphenylethylenediamine provided the products of the reaction between aryl methyl ketones and nitroolefins in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. In addition
A Novel Bifunctional Sulfonamide Primary Amine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins
作者:Fei Xue、Shilei Zhang、Wenhu Duan、Wei Wang
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200800445
日期:2008.10.6
The enantioselectiveconjugateaddition of a variety of ketones to nitroolefins has been developed. The process is efficiently catalyzed by a novelbifunctionalsulfonamideprimary amine in good yields and with good levels of enantioselectivity.
Chalk it up as a “Sc”andal: The asymmetricconjugateaddition of chalcone and “cinnamone” derivatives to nitromethane has been realized by using a simple and efficient scandium(III)–N,N′‐dioxide complex as the catalyst (see scheme). In the presence of 2–5 mol % catalyst loading, the corresponding products were formed in excellent yields (up to 99 %) and enantioselectivities (up to>99 % ee).
A highly efficient strategy for the kinetic resolution of Michael adducts was realized using a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyst. The kinetic resolution provides a new convenient route to single diastereomers of cyclohexenes and Michael adducts in good yields with high enantiomeric excesses (up to 99 % ee with a selectivity factor of up to 458). This “two flies with one swat” concept allows the
motifs in organocatalysis, whereas efficient 1,3‐diamine‐derived organocatalysts are very rare. Herein we report a highly efficient camphor‐1,3‐diamine‐derived squaramideorganocatalyst. Its catalytic activity in Michaeladditions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl nucleophiles to trans‐β‐nitrostyrene derivatives provides excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee).