Kinetic Stabilization of an Oligomeric Protein by a Single Ligand Binding Event
摘要:
Protein native state stabilization imposed by small molecule binding is an attractive strategy to prevent the misfolding and misassembly processes associated with amyloid diseases. Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidogenesis requires rate-limiting tetramer dissociation before misassembly of a partially denatured monomer ensues. Selective stabilization of the native TTR tetramer over the dissociative transition state by small molecule binding to both thyroxine binding sites raises the kinetic barrier of tetramer dissociation, preventing amyloidogenesis. Assessing the amyloidogenicity of a TTR tetramer having only one amyloidogenesis inhibitor (1) bound is challenging because the two small molecule binding constants are generally not distinct enough to allow for the exclusive formation of (TTRI)-I-. in solution to the exclusion of (TTRI2)-I-. and unliganded TTR. Herein, we report a method to tether one fibril formation inhibitor to TTR by disulfide bond formation. Occupancy of only one of the two thyroxine binding sites is sufficient to inhibit tetramer dissociation in 6.0 M urea and amyloidogenesis under acidic conditions by imposing kinetic stabilization on the entire tetramer. The sufficiency of single occupancy for stabilizing the native state of TTR provides the incentive to search for compounds displaying striking negative binding cooperativity (e.g., K-d1 in nanomolar range and K-d2 in the micromolar to millimolar range), enabling lower doses of inhibitor to be employed in the clinic, mitigating potential side effects.
Intramolecular Rearrangement of α-Azidoperoxides: An Efficient Synthesis of tert-Butyl Esters
摘要:
An unprecedented intramolecular rearrangement of alpha-azidoperoxides, promoted by simple organic base to provide tert-butyl esters, has been presented. Further, a one-pot methodology consisting of in situ generation of the a-azidoperoxides from corresponding aldehydes followed by base-promoted rearrangement to obtain the desired ester has also been executed. Relevant mechanistic studies, to provide the proof for intramolecular alkoxy transfer, are investigated.
Pyrrolobenzodiazepine pyridine carboxamides and derivatives as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor antagonists
申请人:Failli A. Amedeo
公开号:US20060287522A1
公开(公告)日:2006-12-21
This invention provides pyrrolobenzodiazepine pyridine carboxamides selected from those of Formula (1), which act as follicle stimulating hormone receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment utilizing the compounds of Formulae (1) and (2).
A Flow Microreactor System Enables Organolithium Reactions without Protecting Alkoxycarbonyl Groups
作者:Aiichiro Nagaki、Heejin Kim、Yuya Moriwaki、Chika Matsuo、Jun-ichi Yoshida
DOI:10.1002/chem.201000876
日期:——
A flowmicroreactor system consisting of micromixers and microtube reactors provides an effective tool for the generation and reactions of aryllithiums bearing an alkoxycarbonyl group at para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐positions. Alkyl p‐ and m‐lithiobenzoates were generated by the I/Li exchange reaction with PhLi. The Br/Li exchange reactions with sBuLi were unsuccessful. Subsequent reactions of the resulting
Silver/manganese dioxide nanorod catalyzed hydrogen-borrowing reactions and <i>tert</i>-butyl ester synthesis
作者:Huanhuan Luo、Yike Yang、Bobin Yang、Zhaojun Xu、Dawei Wang
DOI:10.1177/1747519821989963
日期:2021.7
hydrogen-borrowing reactions in high yields and are also effective for the synthesis of tert-butylesters from aryl cyanides and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in a short period of time. Mechanistic experiments revealed that this catalytic system acts as a Lewis acid in hydrogen-borrowing reactions, while the synthesis of tert-butylesters occurs through a radical pathway. This is the first report on the excellent catalytic
[EN] DUAL-ACTING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS<br/>[FR] AGENTS ANTIHYPERTENSIFS À DOUBLE ACTION
申请人:THERAVANCE INC
公开号:WO2009035543A1
公开(公告)日:2009-03-19
The invention relates to compounds having the formula: (I) wherein: Ar, r, R3, Z, X, and R5-7 are as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds have AT1 receptor antagonist activity and neprilysin inhibition activity. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; methods of using such compounds; and process and intermediates for preparing such compounds.
New Heteroannulation Reactions of <i>N</i>-Alkoxybenzamides by Pd(II) Catalyzed C–H Activation
作者:Joe W. Wrigglesworth、Brian Cox、Guy C. Lloyd-Jones、Kevin I. Booker-Milburn
DOI:10.1021/ol202187h
日期:2011.10.7
through a highly efficient and E-selective C–H activation/Heck/Aza-Wacker sequence. Substoichiometric amounts of benzoquinone can be employed in a cooperative oxidation system with O2, leading to facile purification of products. Modification of the reaction conditions provides a generalroute to substituted phthalimides by carbonylation with CO. Both systems were found to tolerate a wide range of functionality