Styryl ketones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl or together represent an additional carbon-carbon bond and R.sup.10 is a group of the formula ##STR2## as well as corresponding compounds of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.10' is a group of formula (a), (b), (d) or (e) or a group of the formula --C(R.sup.18)(R.sup.19)OR.sup.20' ; (f') have mucosa-protective and/or gastric acid secretion-inhibiting properties, such that they can be used for the control or prevention of illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract, especially against gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcers.
[EN] BIODEGRADABLE SOLVENTS FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY<br/>[FR] SOLVANTS BIODÉGRADABLES POUR L'INDUSTRIE CHIMIQUE
申请人:UNIV DUBLIN CITY
公开号:WO2009024607A1
公开(公告)日:2009-02-26
This invention relates to ionic liquid (ILs) solvents for chemical synthesis based on an alkyl - imidazolium cation core containing ionic liquids which have enhanced biodegradability and reduced toxicity relative to existing imidazolium bases ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmmim) salts. Many of the described ILs produce a score of over 60% biodegradability over 28 days in a biodegradability test such as the Sturm Test, the Closed Bottle Test (OECD 301D) or the CO2 Headspace Test (ISO 14593). The ILs of the invention comprise an alkyl substituted imidazolium cationic core having a -C=OX- side chain in the 3-position of the imidazole ring, wherein X = O, NH, N or S and an associated counteranion characterized in that the -C=OX side chain comprises at least one ether linkage. The biodegradable and non-toxic IL may be used as green solvents for the chemical, pharmaceutical, biofuel and biomass industries. The ILs of the invention are particularly useful in hydrogenation, pericyclic and metathesis reactions.
A series of imidazolium ionic liquids was prepared and screened against 7 bacterial strains. The incorporation of ether groups into the ester side-chain significantly reduced the toxicity compared with alkyl ester derivatives. Biodegradation data are also presented for 15 of the ionic liquidsâincluding 6 examples which can be classed as readily biodegradable.
BROMOACETYL BROMIDE: A VERSATILE AND SELECTIVE CLEAVING AGENT FOR ETHERS AND ACETALS
作者:David F. Schneider、Murray S. Viljoen
DOI:10.1081/scc-120002510
日期:2002.1.1
ABSTRACT It is shown that bromoacetyl bromide can be utilized for the selective cleavage of ethers and acetals in high yields. With cyclic ethers and acetals as starting materials, cleavage products are produced with two strategically positioned bromo substituents which may be exploited for selective extention of the carbon chain.