美雌醇是一种雌激素类药物,在临床上用于治疗卵巢功能不全、闭经、功能性子宫出血及更年期综合征等症状。
生物活性Mestranol 是炔雌醇的3-甲基醚,是一种高效的雌激素受体激动剂,并且是第一个用于口服避孕的药物。
靶点Target | Value |
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Estrogen receptor |
美雌醇广泛代谢为羟基化产物,其生物活性尚未得到充分表征。
体内研究在大鼠体内实验中,给予Mestranol (0.2 mg/kg) 后观察到表达谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(PGST) 的AHF在肝脏中的百分比增加。与对照组相比,低剂量Mestranol给药有增加病灶肝细胞标记指数的趋势,而高剂量则显示出显著差异。同时,在饮食中分别给予Mestranol (0.02 mg/kg 和 0.2 mg/kg) 后,非病灶标记指数减少,与仅摄入基础饮食的大鼠相比,未起始给药的实验组表现出更多的非病灶肝的标记增加。此外,Mestranol (50 mg/100 mg b.wt.) 显著减少了大鼠额皮质和孤束核(NTS) 中α-2-肾上腺素受体的数量,并且在蓝斑核中也观察到α-1 和 α-2-肾上腺素受体数量的减少。
Several pathogenic fungi and protozoa are known to have sterols distinct from those of their mammalian hosts. Of particular interest as targets for drug development are the biosyntheses of the sterols of important parasites such as the kinetoplastid flagellates and the AIDS-associated opportunistic protist Pneumocystis carinii. These pathogens synthesize sterols with an alkyl group at C-24, and some have a double bond at C-22 of the side chain. Humans and other mammalian hosts are incapable of C-24 alkylation and C-22 desaturation. In the present study, three steroidal compounds with side chains substituted by phosphonyl-linked groups were synthesized and tested for their effects on Leishmania donovani and L. mexicana mexicana culture growth. The compounds inhibited organism proliferation at concentrations in micrograms per milliliter. The most potent inhibitors of this group of compounds were characterized by two ethyl groups at the phosphate function. Leishmania organisms treated with 17-[2-(diethylphosphonato) ethylidienyl]3-methoxy-19-norpregna-1,3,5-triene exhibited reduced growth after transfer into inhibitor-free medium. Because there are currently no axenic methods available for the continuous subcultivation of P. carinii, the effects of these drugs on this organism were evaluated by two alternative screening methods. The same two diethyl phosphonosteroid compounds that inhibited Leishmania proliferation were also the most active against P. carinii as determined by the potent effect they had on reducing cellular ATP content. Cystic as well as trophic forms responded to the drug treatments, as evaluated by a dual fluorescent staining live-dead assay. Other modifications of steroidal phosphonates may lead to the development of related drugs with increased activity and specificity for the pathogens.