An Evolution of Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology during the 20th Century
作者:Gene Heath、Wayne A. Colburn
DOI:10.1177/00912700022009657
日期:2000.9
The current state of clinical pharmacology and drug development did not just happen. Clinical pharmacology and the drug development process were born, evolved, and have come to the fore during the past 100 years. The past century has been one of accelerating progress in science and medicine. The progress has not been a straight line but rather more like a sidewinder moving across the desert. Drug development has moved from small experiments with concoctions, extracts, and potions along with the manufacturing and promotion of the purported remedies to processes that exploited unknowing patients to a process that now requires concept generation, discovery, research, planning, and development with many checks and balances for the protection of human subjects. The factors that contributed to this progression from inappropriate use of potions, concoctions, and snake oil to the highly regulated drug development process of today is described in some detail.
临床药理学与药物开发的现状并非偶然形成。临床药理学和药物开发过程在过去100年间诞生、发展并逐渐占据重要地位。过去一个世纪,科学与医学的进步不断加速。这种进步并非直线前行,更像是在沙漠中蜿蜒前进的侧风行者。药物开发从早期的小规模实验,涉及调制品、提取物和药剂,以及制造和推广所谓的疗法,发展到利用不知情的患者进行实验,再到现在需要概念生成、发现、研究、规划和开发,并设立众多制衡机制以保护人类受试者的现代高度规范化的药物开发过程。本章将详细描述从早期不当使用药剂、调制品和江湖医术到今日高度规范化的药物开发过程的演进因素。