Synthesis, DNA binding, hemolytic, and anti-cancer assays of curcumin I-based ligands and their ruthenium(III) complexes
摘要:
Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin I were synthesized with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde and allowed to react with semicarbazide to form the corresponding curcumin I-based ligands. The ligands were complexed with ruthenium(III) metal ions. These complexes (C-1 and C-2) were purified by chromatography and characterized as octahedral geometries by analytical techniques. The binding affinities of these compounds for calf thymus DNA were determined. DNA binding constants (K (b) ) for the two complexes were 1.46 x 10(4) and 3.54 x 10(4) M-1, respectively. Similarly, the binding constants (K (sv)) for C-1 and C-2 were 9.40 x 10(3) and 9.30 x 10(3) M-1, respectively. Hemolytic assays of the compounds showed less toxicity than the standard anti-cancer drug letrazole. The compounds showed good activity against the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and moderate activity against liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells lines. These compounds showed potential for treatment of cervical cancer in the future.
Three curcumin derivatives having modification in active methylene group (1, 3) and keto groups (2) were successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The substitution on the active methylene site of curcumin increases the antioxidant behaviour but it is decreased on modifications in the carbonyl group. The observed results suggest that the structural modifications will help in tuning the antioxidant behaviour of curcumin. While comparing compound 1 which have strong donating group than compound 3, the former shows higher scavenging activity. This implies the electron donating strength also plays an important role in determining the antioxidant activity. The observed results will aid in developing new curcumin derivatives for better antioxidant properties.
Curcumin, a major yellow pigment and active component of turmeric, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Recent studies have indicated that curcumin inhibits chloroquine-sensitive (CQ-S) and chloroquine-resistant (CQ-R) Plasmodium falciparum growth in culture with an IC50 of similar to 3.25 mu M (MIC = 13.2 mu M) and IC50 4.21 mu M (MIC = 14.4 mu M), respectively. In order to expand their potential as anti-malarials a series of novel curcumin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit P. falciparum growth in culture. Several curcumin analogues examined show more effective inhibition of P. falciparum growth than curcumin. The most potent curcumin compounds 3, 6, and 11 were inhibitory for CQ-S P. falciparum at IC50 of 0.48, 0.87, 0.92 mu M and CQ-R P. falcipartan at IC50 of 0.45 mu M, 0.89, 0.75 mu M, respectively. Pyrazole analogue of curcumin (3) exhibited sevenfold higher anti-malarial potency against CQ-S and ninefold higher anti-malarial potency against CQ-R. Curcumin analogues described here represent a novel class of highly selective P. falcipartan inhibitors and promising candidates for the design of novel anti-malarial agents. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, DNA binding, hemolytic, and anti-cancer assays of curcumin I-based ligands and their ruthenium(III) complexes
Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin I were synthesized with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde and allowed to react with semicarbazide to form the corresponding curcumin I-based ligands. The ligands were complexed with ruthenium(III) metal ions. These complexes (C-1 and C-2) were purified by chromatography and characterized as octahedral geometries by analytical techniques. The binding affinities of these compounds for calf thymus DNA were determined. DNA binding constants (K (b) ) for the two complexes were 1.46 x 10(4) and 3.54 x 10(4) M-1, respectively. Similarly, the binding constants (K (sv)) for C-1 and C-2 were 9.40 x 10(3) and 9.30 x 10(3) M-1, respectively. Hemolytic assays of the compounds showed less toxicity than the standard anti-cancer drug letrazole. The compounds showed good activity against the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and moderate activity against liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells lines. These compounds showed potential for treatment of cervical cancer in the future.