Dynamic Ligand Exchange of the Lanthanide Complex Leading to Structural and Functional Transformation: One-Pot Sequential Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation-Regioselective Epoxide-Opening Process
摘要:
The characteristic property of the lanthanide complex, which easily undergoes a dynamic ligand exchange and alters its structure and function in situ, is described. After the completion of the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of various a,beta-unsaturated amides 2 in the presence of the Sm-(S)-BINOL-Ph3As=O (1:1:1) complex 1 (2-10 mol %), the addition of Me3SiN3 directly to the reaction mixture led to smooth epoxide-opening at room temperature, affording the corresponding anti-beta-azido-alpha-hydroxyamide 4 in excellent overall yield (up to 99%) with complete regioselectivity and excellent enantiomeric excess (up to >99%). The key to the success of the sequential process was the in situ generation of the highly reactive samarium azide complex through dynamic ligand exchange. In situ IR spectroscopy and other experiments provided strong evidence that the samariurn azide complex was generated. In addition, the relatively high Lewis basicity of the amide moiety had a key role in the high reactivity of both the epoxidation and the epoxide-opening reactions. Examinations of other nucleophiles such as sulfur or carbon nucleophiles as well as transformations of epoxide-opened products are also described.
Copper catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of carboxylic acids: an expedient route to amides, 5-substituted γ-lactams and α-acyloxy esters
作者:S. Priyadarshini、P. J. Amal Joseph、M. Lakshmi Kantam
DOI:10.1039/c3ra41000e
日期:——
A convenient and recyclable catalytic protocol for the synthesis of N,N-dimethyl substituted amides, 5-substituted γ-lactams and α-acyloxy ethers from carboxylic acids using CuO nanoparticles and TBHP is described.
Diazo Reagents in Copper(I)-Catalyzed Olefination of Aldehydes
作者:Hélène Lebel、Michaël Davi
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200800381
日期:2008.10.6
The olefination of aldehydes to synthesize unsaturated ketones, esters, amides and phosphonates using diazo reagents and triphenylphosphine in the presence of copper(I) iodide as catalyst, is described. Good to excellent E:Z selectivities as well as yields were obtained for a large variety of aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. The reaction showed also an excellent functional group compatibility
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of α,β-unsaturated acylamides via direct amidation from cinnamic acids and N-substituted formamides
作者:Hong Yan、Hailong Yang、Linhua Lu、Defu Liu、Guangwei Rong、Jincheng Mao
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.078
日期:2013.9
A highly effective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated acylamides is reported for the first time via copper-catalyzed direct amidation between readily available cinnamic acids and N-substituted formamides. The protocol was easily accessible and practical.
A facile and convenient protocol for the synthesis of cinnamides from cinnamic acids and tetraalkylthiuram disulfides under metal and additive free conditions has been achieved. This method allows the efficient coupling of diverse cinnamic acids with tetraalkylthiuram disulfides through a simply mixing operation.