When applied to tea, Camelia sinensis, MH /(maleic hydrazine)/ was degraded to lactic acid, succinic acid, maleimide and hydrazine. Extracts of treated wheat seedlings... identified... beta-glycoside of MH. ...In presence of oxygen, MH undergoes photolysis to form succinic, maleic and nitric acid; and in absence of oxygen... succinic acid.
When applied to silver maple... and American sycamore... seedlings, maleic hydrazide translocated to all parts of the plant. In the plant tissue, a metabolite was formed. Hydrolysis products of the metabolite indicated a conjugate of maleic hydrazide and glucose. When applied to tobacco plants, (14)C maleic hydrazide was rapidly translocated to growing tissues. Translocation to roots also occurred. A small amount of (14)CO2 evolved. The major metabolite in foliar tissues was identified as the beta-D-glucoside of maleic hydrazide.
In one radio label experiment in rats, 77% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine within 6 days. 90% of the activity was found to be unaltered maleic hydrazide. The remainder was present as a conjugate of MH.
In rats, the urine and feces samples /collected following oral administration of 3,6-dione-labelled 14C-maleic hydrazide/ contained two peaks. Poor chromatographic separation and low levels of radiolabel in the fecal samples precluded reliable identification, but the peaks appeared to represent maleic hydrazide and possibly fumaric acid. The major peak in urine, representing 60% of the urinary radiolabel in males and 80% in females, co-chromatographed with maleic hydrazide. The minor urinary peak was initially found to co-chromatograph with maleimide, fumaric acid, or maleic diamide, depending on the solvent system, but subsequent investigation with deconjugation with a beta-glucuronidase containing sulfatase activity and HPLC showed this peak to be a maleic acid conjugate, probably a sulfate.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:人类非致癌性证据E组
Cancer Classification: Group E Evidence of Non-carcinogenicity for Humans
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
没有关于人类的数据。动物致癌性证据不足。总体评估:第3组:该物质对人类致癌性无法分类。
No data are available in humans. Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:马来酸酐
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Maleic hydrazide
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
(14)C Maleic hydrazide was administered orally to rats. After 3 days, very little (14)C activity was detected in tissues or blood and carbon dioxide accounted for only 0.2% of administered dose. Maleic hydrazide was rapidly excreted via urine unchanged (>90%) and as conjugate (6-8%).
Slowly absorbed over period of 24 hr by quackgrass. Rain within this period will reduce effectiveness. Rate of absorption is function of cell turgidity. Most effective absorption occurs when soil moisture is at field capacity and relative high humidity. Translocates more effectively downward. Once absorbed, maleic hydrazide is freely translocated to active growing points in plant. maleic hydrazide becomes fixed within the plant and is not metabolized.
In white ash and black locust seedlings, most of maleic hydrazide was translocated to leaves and stems of black locust seedlings within 1 day after treatment, but for white ash seedlings it remained in the stem tissue. After 30 days, the (14)C was concentrated in the leaves of the black locust seedlings, but only in the stem and at the injection point of white ash seedlings. Chromatography of the extracts showed no detectable metabolite in black locust seedlings, but 2 metabolites were detected in the white ash seedlings.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Cytotoxic ring A-modified steroid analogues derived from Grundmann’s ketone
作者:Christoph D. Mayer、Franz Bracher
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.04.036
日期:2011.8
A series of steroid and azasteroid analogues containing a six-membered ring A with various functionalities were synthesized. Furthermore, the syntheses of tetracyclic analogues bearing a five-membered A-ring and the syntheses of a number of bicyclic secosteroid analogues were carried out. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Among all tested compounds
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the dashed line represents an optional covalent bond; X is O, NH, S or a direct link; R.sup.3 is hydroxy when the dashed line does not represent a covalent bond and R.sup.3 is absent when the dashed line represents a covalent bond; R.sup.4 is (a), when X is O, a group of formula (i), (b), when X is O, NH or S, optionally substituted hydroxyphenyl, (c) an optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring, or (d), when X is NH, a group of formula (ii). The compounds are useful for the treatment of disease associated with the altered tone or motility of smooth muscle. ##STR1##
Efficient Phosphorus-Free Chlorination of Hydroxy Aza-Arenes and Their Application in One-Pot Pharmaceutical Synthesis
作者:Jian Wang、Yan-Hui Li、Song-Cheng Pan、Ming-Fang Li、Wenting Du、Hong Yin、Jing-Hua Li
DOI:10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00407
日期:2020.2.21
The chlorination of hydroxy aza-arenes with bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (BTC) and SOCl2 has been effectively performed by refluxing with 5 wt % 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. Various substrates are chlorinated with high yields. The obtained chlorinated aza-arenes can be used directly with simple workup for succedent one-pot synthesis on a large scale.
3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives and related analogues was synthesized. Substituted 3(2H)-pyridazinones and their 4,5-dihydro analogues were alkylated by omega-haloalkyl cyanides at the N-2 position under phase-transfer catalyticreaction, and the nitrile group was converted to the thio amide group by treatment with hydrogen sulfide alone or with the appropriate primary or secondary amines. Various substituents
Novel pyrazoles and pyrazolo[1,2- a ]pyridazines as selective COX-2 inhibitors; Ultrasound-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation, and DFT calculations
作者:Nagat Ghareb、Hosam A. Elshihawy、Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim、Mohamed A. Helal
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.020
日期:2017.6
devoid of ulcerogenic activity. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of pyrazoles and pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyridazines with selective COX-2 inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect. Both series were accessed through acid-catalyzed ultrasound-assisted reactions. The most active compounds in this study are two novel molecules, 11 and 16, showing promising selectivity and decent