Dicofol or kelthane is a white crystalline, wettable powder dissolved in a liquid carrier, (water). The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion. It is used as a pesticide.
颜色/状态:
Colorless solid
气味:
Solids have slight characteristic odor
沸点:
180 °C at 0.1 mm Hg
熔点:
77.5 °C
闪点:
193 °C o.c.
溶解度:
400 g/L in acetone, ethyl acetate and toluene at 25 °C. 36 g/L in methanol at 25 °C. 30 g/L in hexane and isopropanol at 25 °C
密度:
greater than 1.1 at 68 °F <0.9 at 20°C (liquid) (USCG, 1999)
蒸汽压力:
3.98X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C (technical)
自燃温度:
986 °F (USCG, 1999)
分解:
Dangerous: when heated to decomposition ... they evolve highly toxic /hydrogen/ chloride fumes. /chlorides/
DDT in insects (drosophila) is metabolized by dechlorination to form DDE (2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene) or by alpha-hydroxylation to form ... Kelthane. /DDT/
The mouse has the ability to easily convert dicofol to water-soluble metabolites, eg, 4,4'-dichlorobenzhydrol. (14)C-dicofol and (3)H-dicofol were administered to male mice, then radioactivity was measured in urine. 40.7% (14)C and 49.8% (3)H of the dose was excreted within 24 hr. Metabolites in both systems were separated by gas chromatography and characterized by cleavage with beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase.
Dicofol can be absorbed via oral, inhahation, and dermal routes. It is distributed primarily to the adipose tissue, as well as the adrenal glands, thyroid, and liver. Metabolism of dicofol produces the metabolites 4,4'-dichloro-benzophenone and 4,4'-dichlorodicofol. Dicofol and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the faeces. (L631, L632)
Like other organochloride pesticides, dicofol is believed to act by at least four mechanisms, possibly all functioning simultaneously. It may reduce potassium transport across the membrane. Dicofol also alters the porous channels through which sodium ions pass. These channels activate (open) normally but are inactivated (closed) slowly, thus interfering with the active transport of sodium out of the nerve axon during repolarization. Dicofol inhibits neuronal adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases), particularly Na+K+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase which play vital roles in neuronal repolarization. Dicofol also inhibits the ability of calmodulin, a calcium mediator in nerves, to transport calcium ions that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. All these inhibited functions reduce the rate of depolarization and increase the sensitivity of neurons to small stimuli that would not elicit a response in a fully depolarized neuron. Difocol is also an endocrine disruptor and binds both the androgen and estrogen receptor. In addition, it may alter sex hormone metabolism by directly inhibiting cytochrome P-450 19A1. Difocol is able to competitively bind transthyretin, which lowers plasma thyroid hormone levels. (T10, A214, A228, A229)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类:C组可能的人类致癌物
Cancer Classification: Group C Possible Human Carcinogen
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
没有关于人类的数据。动物致癌性证据有限。总体评估:第3组:该物质对人类致癌性无法分类。
No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:敌可涕
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Dicofol
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Retention of kelthane in adipose tissue /of rats/ was more marked in males than in females. The rate of disappearance of kelthane was about 3/4 in male rats and in the females about 2/5 of the stored insecticide over a 13 week period.
In rats fed 10 mg/kg dicofol in the diet for 10 weeks, the concentration in the adipose tissue of females was 31.2 mg/kg & that in males 13.9 mg/kg. After oral administration of radiolabelled dicofol to mice, radioactivity associated with water sol metabolites was detected in the urine.
/Chlorinated insecticides/ may be absorbed through the respiratory & gastrointestinal tracts & through the skin, & whatever its route this absorption is facilitated by oily substances. /Chlorinated insecticides/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
Metabolism studies in male and female Sprague Dawley rats used a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg of (14)C-dicofol. The radiolabel was eliminated mainly in the feces and to a lesser extent in the urine. The parent compound was preferentially stored in adipose tissue ...
对雄性和雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠进行的代谢研究使用了单次口服剂量为50毫克/千克的(14)C-百菌清。放射性标记主要通过粪便排出,少量通过尿液排出。母化合物优先储存在脂肪组织中...
Metabolism studies in male and female Sprague Dawley rats used a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg of (14)C-dicofol. The radiolabel was eliminated mainly in the feces and to a lesser extent in the urine. The parent compound was preferentially stored in adipose tissue ...
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989