sec-butylium | 16548-59-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 碳氢化合物 - 饱和烃
• 英文名称: sec-butylium
• 英文别名: sec-butyl cation；sec-Butyl-Kation；sek.-Butyl-Kation；butane
• CAS: 16548-59-7
• 化学式: C₄H₉
• 分子量: 57.1155
• InChiKey: FVDHQYYPYPVVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.9
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.75
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  sec-butylium 在 甲醇 作用下， 生成 反-2-丁烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Proton-transfer reactions involving alkyl ions and alkenes. Rate constants, isomerization processes, and the derivation of thermochemical data

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja00528a005
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氯代仲丁烷 在 氯氟磺酰 、 五氟化锑 作用下， 生成 sec-butylium
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Stabilities of carbocations in solution. 14. An extended thermochemical scale of carbocation stabilities in a common superacid

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja00347a060

文献信息

• Oxidation of Alkyl Ions, C<i>_n</i>H₂<i>_n</i>₊₁⁺ (<i>n</i> = 1−5), in Reactions with O₂ and O₃ in the Gas Phase
  作者：Skip Williams、W. B. Knighton、Anthony J. Midey、A. A. Viggiano、Stephan Irle、Qingfang Wang、Keiji Morokuma

  DOI：10.1021/jp031099+

  日期：2004.3.1

  product ion branching fractions are reported for the reactions of CH3+, C2H5+, s-C3H7+, s-C4H9+, t-C4H9+, and t-C5H11+ with O2 and O3 at 300 K in a variable-temperature selected-ion flow tube (VT-SIFT). The reaction rate constant for CH3+ with O3 is large and approximately equal to the thermal energy capture rate constant given by the Su−Chesnavich equation. The C2H5+, s-C3H7+, and s-C4H9+ ions are somewhat

  报告了 CH3+、C2H5+、s-C3H7+、s-C4H9+、t- + 和 t-C5H11+ 与 O2 和 O3 在 300 K 温度下在变温选择离子流管中反应的速率常数和产物离子支化分数(VT-SIFT)。 + 与 O3 的反应速率常数很大，大约等于 Su-Chesnavich 方程给出的热能捕获速率常数。 +、s- + 和 s- + 离子的反应性稍差，反应速率约为热捕获率的 7-46%。HCO+ 和 C2H3O+ 离子是这些反应的主要产物。发现 t- + 和 t- + 离子没有反应性，速率常数 <5 × 10-12 cm3 s-1，这是我们使用这种臭氧源的仪器的当前检测限。臭氧是基态的单线态，和 B3LYP/6-31G(d) 理论水平的从头算计算表明，可以形成反应物配合物，稳定性随着连接到阳离子碳原子的烷基链的大小而降低。反应性下降...
• Derivatization of the fullerene dications C602+ and C702+ by ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase
  作者：Simon Petrie、Gholamreza Javahery、Jinru Wang、Diethard K. Bohme

  DOI：10.1021/ja00049a059

  日期：1992.11

  Ion-molecule addition reactions which lead to the bonding of the fullerene dications Cm2+ and C702+ with various neutral molecules, most notably unsaturated hydrocarbons and amines, have been studied using a SIFI apparatus at a pressure of 0.40 f 0.01 Torr and a temperature of 294 * 2 K. The efficiency of adduct formation in these reactions shows a dependence upon the ionization energy, the size, and

  已使用 SIFI 装置在 0.40 f 0.01 Torr 的压力和 294 * 的温度下研究了导致富勒烯双键 Cm2+ 和 C702+ 与各种中性分子（最显着的是不饱和烃和胺）键合的离子分子加成反应2 K。这些反应中加合物形成的效率取决于所讨论分子的电离能、大小和不饱和度。提出了将加合物形成效率与这些参数相关联的模型。
• Ion-Molecule Reactions of CO₂⁺with Butane and Isobutane at Thermal Energy
  作者：Masaharu Tsuji、Ken-ichi Matsumura、Tsuyoshi Funatsu、Yukio Nishimura、Hiroshi Obase、Shinji Kagawa、Yasuhito Kanetaka

  DOI：10.1246/bcsj.66.2864

  日期：1993.10

  Rate constants and product ion distributions have been determined for thermal energy reactions of CO2+ with n-C4H10 and i-C4H10 by using an ion-beam apparatus. The total rate constants are (9.8 ± 2.0) × 10−10 and (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10−9 cm3 s−1 for n-C4H10 and i-C4H10, respectively. These values amount to about 75% of the collision rate constants estimated from the Langevin theory. C4H9+, C3Hn+ (n = 5—7), and C2Hn+ (n = 3—5) are produced from n-C4H10 with branching ratios of 6, 56, and 38%, while C4H9+ and C3Hn+ (n = 5—7) are formed from i-C4H10 with branching ratios of 7 and 93%, respectively. The lack of C2Hn+ fragments from i-C4H10 is attributed to a low probability of significant rearrangement of chemical bonds for the formation of the C2Hn+ fragments. The product ion distribution in the CO2+/n-C4H10 reaction is in good agreement with that predicted from the fragmentation pattern of n-C4H10+ at 13.78 eV, indicating that the CO2+/n-C4H10 reaction proceeds through a near-resonant charge transfer without momentum transfer.

  通过使用离子束装置，已测定CO2+与n-C4H10和i- 的热能反应的速率常数和产物离子分布。n- 和i- 的总速率常数分别为(9.8 ± 2.0) × 10−10和(1.0 ± 0.2) × 10−9 cm³ s−1。这些数值约占根据拉让文理论估计的碰撞速率常数的75%。n- 产生的离子包括C4H9+、C3Hn+（n = 5—7）和C2Hn+（n = 3—5），其分支比为6%、56%和38%；而从i- 形成的离子为 +和C3Hn+（n = 5—7），分支比分别为7%和93%。i- 中缺乏C2Hn+片段归因于在形成C2Hn+片段时化学键发生显著重排的概率较低。 +/n- 反应中的产物离子分布与在13.78 eV下n- +的碎片化模式预测的结果非常一致，表明 +/n- 反应通过近共振电荷转移而不发生动量转移。
• Isomerization of gas-phase hydrocarbon ions. Radical trapping. 3
  作者：C. N. McEwen、M. A. Rudat

  DOI：10.1021/ja00405a011

  日期：1981.7
• Heat of formation forsec-butyl cation in the gas phase
  作者：John C. Traeger

  DOI：10.1002/oms.1210160502

  日期：1981.5

  AbstractThe ionization energies and [C4H9]+ appearance energies for several 2‐substituted butanes have been measured by photoionization mass spectrometry. Using the stationary electron convention, a 298 K heat of formation of 771±3 kJ mol−1 is derived for the sec‐butyl cation in the gas phase. A value of 747±3 kJ mol−1 is calculated for the proton affinity of trans‐2‐butene.