作者:Richard C. Larock、Chi Tu
DOI:10.1016/0040-4020(95)00265-a
日期:1995.6
The palladium-catalyzed, three component coupling of vinylic halides, alkenes, and amines has been re-examined. The success of the cross-coupling of vinylic halides, alkenes and amines depends heavily on the structures of each of the three substrates, as well as the reaction conditions. The presence of water greatly improves the yield. Secondary amines give much better results than primary amines.
钯催化的乙烯基卤化物,烯烃和胺的三组分偶联已被重新检查。乙烯基卤化物,烯烃和胺的交叉偶联成功与否在很大程度上取决于三种底物各自的结构以及反应条件。水的存在大大提高了产量。仲胺比伯胺具有更好的结果。只有不受阻碍的单取代末端烯烃反应良好。非共轭的1,4-和1,5-二烯提供单个产品的良好收率,这显然是由于偶联过程中的螯合。相对不受阻碍的乙烯基卤化物通常(但并非总是)能提供最佳结果。当使用受阻较少的胺和乙烯基卤化物时,观察到由乙烯基钯加成到烯烃双键两端的区域异构体的混合物。立体异构体的混合物也很常见。这些反应通过乙烯基钯的形成并加到烯烃中,重排成π-烯丙基钯中间体以及随后的胺被钯取代而进行。