在这里,我们将苯并[ b ]吩噻嗪的阴离子描述为可见光激发下的超级还原剂物种。与 N-取代的吩噻嗪或苯并吩噻嗪相反,该分子具有极高的还原能力,可在 -3.51 V vs SCE 的电位下促进基于单电子转移的还原裂解。作为证据,大量的芳基氯底物已被还原裂解以制造异吲哚酮和羟吲哚类分子。此外,芳基-氯键已均裂,生成芳基自由基,可用于 C-C 交叉偶联或 C-P 键形成反应。为了证明其极端的还原能力,一些芳基氟化物键被裂解以产生芳基自由基。包括稳态和时间分辨光谱技术在内的详细光物理研究解释了分子在光激发下的行为,以及与其反应模式相关的行为。理论计算表明,苯并吩噻嗪阴离子在基态时会稍微起皱,因为该分子本质上是反芳香族的。相反,激发态几何形状是平面的,这也接近一次电子转移后的中间体的几何形状。阴离子物质的反芳香性的减弱是其高度还原行为的部分原因。
[EN] AMIDO-SUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE CYCLOHEXANE À SUBSTITUTION AMIDO
申请人:BAYER PHARMA AG
公开号:WO2018078009A1
公开(公告)日:2018-05-03
The present invention relates to amido-substituted cyclohexane compounds of general formula (I) : in which m, A, R4, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 are as defined herein, to methods of preparing said compounds, to intermediate compounds useful for preparing said compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds and to the use of said compounds for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease, in particular of neoplasms, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.
Photocatalysis in aqueous micellar media has recently opened wide avenues to activate strong carbon–halide bonds. So far, however, it has mainly explored strongly reducing conditions, restricting the available chemical space to radical or anionic reactivity. Here, we demonstrate a controllable, photocatalytic strategy that channels the reaction of chlorinated benzamides via either a radical or a cationic
最近,水性胶束介质中的光催化为激活强碳卤键开辟了广阔的途径。然而,到目前为止,它主要探索了强烈的还原条件,将可用的化学空间限制为自由基或阴离子反应性。在这里,我们展示了一种可控的光催化策略,该策略通过自由基或阳离子途径引导氯化苯甲酰胺的反应,从而实现化学发散的 C-H 芳基化或N-脱烷基化。该催化系统在温和的条件下运行,亚甲基蓝作为光催化剂,蓝色 LED 作为光源。介绍了决定底物反应性、选择性和初步机理研究的因素。
Improved Catalysts for the Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxindoles by Amide α-Arylation. Rate Acceleration, Use of Aryl Chloride Substrates, and a New Carbene Ligand for Asymmetric Transformations
作者:Sunwoo Lee、John F. Hartwig
DOI:10.1021/jo005761z
日期:2001.5.1
alpha-aryloxindole derivatives. Surprisingly, catalysts containing tert-butylphosphine ligands, which have been most reactive for ketone arylations, were less active than those containing PCy(3). Use of new, optically active heterocyclic carbene ligands gave substantial enantioselectivity in formation of an alpha,alpha-disubstituted oxindole. In contrast, a variety of optically active phosphine ligands