3-(2',5'-dimethylphenyl)-(E)-propenoic acid ethyl ester

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯丙烷和聚酮 - 肉桂酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 3-(2',5'-dimethylphenyl)-(E)-propenoic acid ethyl ester
• 英文别名: (E)-ethyl 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-propenoate；ethyl (2E)-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)propenoate；ethyl (E)-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)propenoate；ethyl (2E)-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)prop-2-enoate；ethyl (E)-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)prop-2-enoate
• 化学式: C₁₃H₁₆O₂
• 分子量: 204.269
• InChiKey: LOLGIHXPDIWKOI-BQYQJAHWSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.3
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.31
• 拓扑面积：
  26.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2,5-二甲基苯甲醛 、 乙酸乙酯 在 P(i-PrNCH₂CH₂)3N 作用下， 反应 6.0h， 以95%的产率得到3-(2',5'-dimethylphenyl)-(E)-propenoic acid ethyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  P（RNCH 2 CH 2）3 N：直接合成E -α，β-不饱和酯的有效促进剂

  摘要：

  使乙酸乙酯或丙酸甲酯与各种芳香醛在1.06–1.2当量的条件下反应。氮杂磷杂环戊烷，P（MeNCH 2 CH 2）3 N，P（i -PrNCH 2 CH 2）3 N或[P（i- PrNCH 2 CH 2）2（NHCH 2 CH 2）N在40–50时在异丁腈中，在°C下放置2-6小时，形成了相应的α，β-不饱和酯。乙酸乙酯与醛反应仅形成E-异构体，而较高的同系物丙酸甲酯生成E的混合物和ž前者为主要产品的异构体。当用作溶剂时，丙酸甲酯选择性地形成E -α，β-不饱和酯。该反应对于制备α，β-不饱和酮不那么成功。

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00782-7

文献信息

• Wittig Reactions in Water Media Employing Stabilized Ylides with Aldehydes. Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Esters from Mixing Aldehydes, α-Bromoesters, and Ph₃P in Aqueous NaHCO₃
  作者：Amer El-Batta、Changchun Jiang、Wen Zhao、Robert Anness、Andrew L. Cooksy、Mikael Bergdahl

  DOI：10.1021/jo070665k

  日期：2007.7.1

  range of stabilized ylides and aldehydes. Despite sometimes poor solubility of the reactants, good chemical yields normally ranging from 80 to 98% and high E-selectivities (up to 99%) are achieved, and the rate of the reactions in water is unexpectedly accelerated. The efficiency of water as a medium in the Wittig reaction is compared to conventional organic solvents ranging from carbon tetrachloride

  事实证明，水是在多种稳定的乙炔和醛上进行维蒂希反应的有效介质。尽管有时反应物的溶解度较差，但通常可获得80-98 ％的良好化学收率和较高的E选择性（高达99％），并且在水中的反应速度出乎意料地加快了。将水作为Wittig反应介质的效率与常规有机溶剂（从四氯化碳到甲醇）进行了比较。当存在大量疏水性实体（例如芳香族，杂环芳香族甲醛和长链脂族醛与三苯基膦）时，维蒂希水溶液反应最有效。该Ë / ž维蒂希产物的β-异构体比例取决于电子接受/给体能力和存在于芳环中的取代基的位置。研究了添加剂（例如苯甲酸，LiCl和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS））对Wittig反应的影响。Wittig反应也可以在酸性实体例如苯酚和羧酸的存在下进行。另外，脂族醛中的大α-取代基不会危害反应。还证明了醛的水合物可以直接在含水维蒂希反应中用作底物。Wittig水溶液的反应范围扩展到Ph 3的一锅混合物的24个例子碳酸氢钠溶液中的P
• Highly Efficient Alkyne Hydroarylation with Chelating Dicarbene Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes
  作者：Andrea Biffis、Cristina Tubaro、Gabriella Buscemi、Marino Basato

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.200700271

  日期：2008.1.4

  reaction protocol for the coupling of arenes with alkynes (the Fujiwara reaction), yielding products of formal trans-hydroarylation of the triple bond. The protocol makes use of a chelating N-heterocyclic dicarbene palladium(II) complex as catalyst and allows us to perform the reaction in a few hours with only 0.1 mol % catalyst yielding the trans-hydroarylation product in high yields and with excellent selectivity

  1我们报道了一种用于芳烃与炔烃偶联的新型反应方案（藤原反应），产生了三键形式的正式反式-氢芳基化反应的产物。该方案利用螯合的N-杂环二碳烯钯（II）配合物作为催化剂，使我们能够在数小时内用仅0.1 mol％的催化剂进行反应，从而生成反式-氢芳基化产物的收率高且具有优异的选择性。我们讨论了该反应方案的适用性，尽管仅限于富含电子的芳烃，但目前对于炔烃而言，该方案相当普遍。我们还提出了关于卡宾单元中氮取代基，卡宾单元之间的桥联基团和配位阴离子配体的催化剂优化结果。最后，我们还讨论了相关的铂（II）螯合二卡宾络合物的催化性能。
• Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes
  作者：Manfred T. Reetz、Knut Sommer

  DOI：10.1002/ejoc.200300260

  日期：2003.9

  of the 1,1-disubstituted olefin is observed. In the case of electron-poor alkynes such as acetylenecarboxylic acid ester, gold(I) complexes such as [Ph3PAuCl] activated by Ag salts or BF3·OEt2 are the best catalysts, resulting in opposite regioselectivity and high degrees of (Z)-selectivity. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)

  被取代的富电子芳烃对芳基取代的炔烃的加氢芳基化是由被 AgSbF6 等银盐活化的 AuCl3 催化的。在末端炔烃的情况下，观察到有利于 1,1-二取代烯烃的完全区域选择性。在缺乏电子的炔烃（如乙炔羧酸酯）的情况下，Ag 盐或 BF3·OEt2 活化的金（I）配合物如 [Ph3PAuCl] 是最好的催化剂，导致相反的区域选择性和高度的（Z）选择性. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
• Novel Pd(II)- and Pt(II)-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective <i>trans</i>-Hydroarylation of Alkynes by Simple Arenes
  作者：Chengguo Jia、Wenjun Lu、Juzo Oyamada、Tsugio Kitamura、Kenji Matsuda、Masahiro Irie、Yuzo Fujiwara

  DOI：10.1021/ja0005845

  日期：2000.8.1

  Efficient trans-hydroarylation of alkynes by simple arenes has been realized regio- and stereoselectively at room temperature in the presence of Pd(II) or Pt(II) catalysts and a mixed solvent containing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Various arenes undergo trans-hydroarylation selectively across terminal and internal C-C triple bonds-including those conjugated to CHO, COMe, CO2H, and CO2Et groups, affording kinetically controlled cis-arylalkenes predominantly in most cases, especially, in good yields for electron-rich arenes and activated alkynes. The formation of arene/alkyne 1/2 or 2/1 adducts as side products is dependent on the arenes' and alkynes' substituents, which can be suppressed in some cases by changing the catalyst, catalyst concentration, and reaction time. The Pt(II) system, PtCl2/2AgOAc/TFA, shows lower catalytic activity than Pd(OAc)(2)/TFA, but higher selectivity, giving higher yields of adducts at the same conversion. On the basis of several isotope experiments and control reactions, a possible mechanism involving electrophilic metalation of aromatic C-H bonds by in-situ-generated cationic Pd(II) and Pt(II) species leading to intermolecular trans-arylpalladation to alkynes has been discussed.
• Highly selective hydroarylation of propiolic acid derivatives using a PtCl2/AgOTf catalytic system
  作者：Juzo Oyamada、Tsugio Kitamura

  DOI：10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.076

  日期：2007.12

  Hydroarylation of propiolic acid derivatives with arenes in trifluoroacetic acid efficiently proceeded in the presence Of PtCl2/AgOTf catalyst to give cis-cinnamic acid derivatives in good to high yields. This PtCl2/AgOTf-catalyzed reaction did not afford any 4-arylbuta-1,3-diene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives formed by Pd(OAc)(2)-catalyzed hydroarylation. The specific optimization of the catalytic hydroarylation and application to electron-rich arenes are reported. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.