Identification of the First PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation
摘要:
A new series of derivatives of the PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist 1 allowed us to identify the ligand (S)-6 as a potent partial agonist of both PPAR alpha and gamma subtypes. X-ray studies in PPAR gamma revealed two different binding modes of (S)-6 to the canonical site. However, (S)-6 was also able to bind an alternative site as demonstrated by transactivation assay in the presence of a canonical PPAR gamma antagonist and supported from docking experiments. This compound did not activate the PPAR gamma-dependent program of adipocyte differentiation inducing a very less severe lipid accumulation compared to rosiglitazone but increased the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, (S)-6 inhibited the Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of PPAR gamma at serine 273 that is currently considered the mechanism by which some PPAR gamma partial agonists exert antidiabetic effects similar to thiazolidinediones, without showing their typical side effects. This is the first PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist reported to show this inhibitory effect representing the potential lead of a new class of drugs for treatment of dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes.
<i>para</i>-Selective arylation and alkenylation of monosubstituted arenes using thianthrene <i>S</i>-oxide as a transient mediator
作者:Xiao-Yue Chen、Xiao-Xue Nie、Yichen Wu、Peng Wang
DOI:10.1039/d0cc00641f
日期:——
Using thianthrene S-oxide (TTSO) as a transient mediator, para-arylation and alkenylation of mono-substituted arenes have been demonstrated via a para-selective thianthrenation/Pd-catalyzed thio-Suzuki-Miyaura coupling sequence under mild conditions. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, and functional group and heterocycle tolerance. The versatility of this approach was further demonstrated
Identification of the First PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation
A new series of derivatives of the PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist 1 allowed us to identify the ligand (S)-6 as a potent partial agonist of both PPAR alpha and gamma subtypes. X-ray studies in PPAR gamma revealed two different binding modes of (S)-6 to the canonical site. However, (S)-6 was also able to bind an alternative site as demonstrated by transactivation assay in the presence of a canonical PPAR gamma antagonist and supported from docking experiments. This compound did not activate the PPAR gamma-dependent program of adipocyte differentiation inducing a very less severe lipid accumulation compared to rosiglitazone but increased the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, (S)-6 inhibited the Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of PPAR gamma at serine 273 that is currently considered the mechanism by which some PPAR gamma partial agonists exert antidiabetic effects similar to thiazolidinediones, without showing their typical side effects. This is the first PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist reported to show this inhibitory effect representing the potential lead of a new class of drugs for treatment of dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes.