The transketolase (TKT) enzyme in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
represents a novel drug target for tuberculosis treatment and has low homology with the orthologous human enzyme. Here, we report on the structural and kinetic characterization of the transketolase from
M. tuberculosis
(TBTKT), a homodimer whose monomers each comprise 700 amino acids. We show that TBTKT catalyses the oxidation of donor sugars xylulose-5-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate as well as the reduction of the acceptor sugar ribose-5-phosphate. An invariant residue of the TKT consensus sequence required for thiamine cofactor binding is mutated in TBTKT; yet its catalytic activities are unaffected, and the 2.5 Å resolution structure of full-length TBTKT provides an explanation for this. Key structural differences between the human and mycobacterial TKT enzymes that impact both substrate and cofactor recognition and binding were uncovered. These changes explain the kinetic differences between TBTKT and its human counterpart, and their differential inhibition by small molecules. The availability of a detailed structural model of TBTKT will enable differences between human and
M. tuberculosis
TKT structures to be exploited to design selective inhibitors with potential antitubercular activity.
翻译结果如下:
转酮糖酶(TKT)是结核病治疗的一种新型药物靶标,在
Mycobacterium tuberculosis中具有低同源性。在这里,我们报告了来自
M. tuberculosis(TBTKT)的转酮糖酶的结构和动力学特征,它是一个由两个同源二聚体组成的,每个单体包含700个
氨基酸。我们展示了TBTKT催化供体糖
木糖-5-
磷酸和
果糖-6-磷酸的氧化以及受体糖
核糖-5-
磷酸的还原。TBTKT中TKT共识序列的一个不变残基,该残基对
硫胺素辅因子结合是必需的,已经发生突变,但其催化活性未受影响,全长TBTKT的2.5 Å分辨率结构提供了解释。我们揭示了人类和分枝杆菌TKT酶之间的关键结构差异,这些差异影响了底物和辅因子的识别和结合。这些变化解释了TBTKT和其人类同源体之间的动力学差异,以及它们被小分子抑制的差异。TBTKT详细的结构模型的可用性将使人类和
M. tuberculosis TKT结构之间的差异被利用来设计具有潜在抗结核活性的选择性
抑制剂。