Preparation of 5-Substituted 1<i>H</i>-Tetrazoles from Nitriles in Water
作者:Zachary P. Demko、K. Barry Sharpless
DOI:10.1021/jo010635w
日期:2001.11.1
The addition of sodium azide to nitriles to give 1H-tetrazoles is shown to proceed readily in water with zinc salts as catalysts. The scope of the reaction is quite broad; a variety of aromatic nitriles, activated and unactivated alkyl nitriles, substituted vinyl nitriles, thiocyanates, and cyanamides have all been shown to be viable substrates for this reaction.
Safe and fast tetrazole formation in ionic liquids
作者:Boris Schmidt、Daniela Meid、Daniel Kieser
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.057
日期:2007.1
The [2+3] cycloaddition of nitriles and azides is reliable for intramolecular reactions, but the hazards with volatile azides in intermolecular reactions are tremendous. Zinc catalysis in aqueous solution is a magnificent improvement, but requires the removal of the zinc salts from the acidic product. Herein, we report safe solvents featuring low vapor pressure and good solubility of NaN3. Ionic liquids based on alkylated imidazoles combined with microwave heating turned out to be a solution for the given tasks. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: Click Chemistry for the Synthesis of 5-Substituted Tetrazoles from Organoaluminum Azides and Nitriles