作者:Irene C. Christoforou、Panayiotis A. Koutentis、Charles W. Rees
DOI:10.1039/b202038f
日期:2002.5.10
Dibromomalononitrile 3a reacts with 4-chloro-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-thione 9 and monobromomalononitrile 3c reacts with 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride 4 (Appel salt) to give 4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-ylidenemalononitrile 1 in 76 and 73% yields, respectively, thus providing the best available synthesis of this key intermediate. The reactions were accompanied by the formation of 1-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylideneamino)-1,2-dihaloethene-2-carbonitriles 5, the yields of which increased with reaction temperature. In refluxing toluene, dibromomalononitrile 3a and dithiazolethione 9 give directly 3-bromoisothiazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile 12 (59%); the probable intermediate (dicyanomethylene)dithiazole 1 is readily converted into bromoisothiazole 12 on treatment with anhydrous gaseous HBr at ca. 20 °C (83%). The addition of bromine to dithiazolethione 9 gives 5-bromosulfanyl-4-chloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium bromide 11 almost quantitatively. Mechanisms are proposed for all these reactions.
二溴丙二腈 3a 与 4-氯-1,2,3-二噻唑-5-硫酮 9 反应,单溴丙二腈 3c 与 4,5-二氯-1,2,3-二噻唑氯化铵 4(阿贝尔盐)反应,分别得到 4-氯-5H-1,2,3-二噻唑-5-亚基丙二腈 1,收率分别为 76% 和 73%,从而提供了这一关键中间体的最佳合成方法。这些反应伴随着 1-(4-氯-5H-1,2,3-二噻唑-5-亚基氨基)-1,2-二卤乙烯-2-甲腈 5 的生成,其产率随反应温度的升高而增加。在回流甲苯中,二溴丙二腈 3a 和二噻唑硫酮 9 直接生成 3-溴异噻唑-4,5-二甲腈 12(59%);可能的中间体(二氰基亚甲基)二噻唑 1 在约 20 °C 下用无水气态 HBr 处理后很容易转化成溴异噻唑 12(83%)。在二噻唑硫酮 9 中加入溴,几乎可以定量得到 5-溴硫基-4-氯-1,2,3-二噻唑溴化物 11。本文提出了所有这些反应的机理。