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醋酸地加瑞克 | 214766-78-6

中文名称
醋酸地加瑞克
中文别名
地加瑞克
英文名称
degarelix
英文别名
FE 200486;Ac-D-2Nal-D-4Cpa-D-3Pal-Ser-4Aph(L-hydroorotyl)-D-4Aph(carbamoyl)-Leu-Ilys-Pro-D-Ala-NH2;(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2R)-1-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethylideneamino)-3-naphthalen-2-ylpropylidene]amino]propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-pyridin-3-ylpropylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-3-[4-[[(4S)-2,6-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-[4-[(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)amino]phenyl]propylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-6-(propan-2-ylamino)hexanoyl]-N-[(2R)-1-hydroxy-1-iminopropan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboximidic acid
醋酸地加瑞克化学式
CAS
214766-78-6
化学式
C82H103ClN18O16
mdl
——
分子量
1632.28
InChiKey
MEUCPCLKGZSHTA-XYAYPHGZSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 密度:
    1.325±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    DMSO:10.0(最大浓度 mg/mL);6.13(最大浓度 mM)H2O:25.0(最大浓度 mg/mL);15.32(最大浓度 mM)

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    3.5
  • 重原子数:
    117
  • 可旋转键数:
    41
  • 环数:
    8.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.41
  • 拓扑面积:
    513
  • 氢给体数:
    17
  • 氢受体数:
    18

ADMET

代谢
70%-80%的degarelix在通过肝脏胆道系统时会发生肽链水解,然后通过粪便排出。没有活性或非活性代谢物,也不涉及CYP450同工酶。
70% - 80% of degarelix is subject to peptide hydrolysis during its passage through the hepatobiliary system and then fecally eliminated. No active or inactive metabolites or involvement of CYP450 isozymes.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
Degarelix的稳定性在大鼠、豚鼠、家兔、狗、猴子和人源的肝微粒体中进行了研究,最长可达60分钟。在家兔、狗、猴子和人源的肝微粒体中未检测到Degarelix的降解。在豚鼠和大鼠的肝微粒体中,Degarelix表现出轻微降解的趋势。进一步在人的肝微粒体中对Degarelix的体外代谢进行了研究,最长可达60分钟。Degarelix的代谢模式在人及动物中相似。Degarelix几乎不是氧化代谢的底物,但可被肽酶降解,生成各种截短肽。人的血浆中仅检测到低浓度的代谢物,该代谢物在大鼠、狗和猴子中也有发现。
The stability of degarelix was studied in liver microsomes from males in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, monkey, and human, for up to 60 min. No degradation of degarelix was detected in liver microsomes from rabbit, dog, monkey, and human. Tendency to minor degradation of degarelix was seen in liver microsomes from guinea pig and rat. The in vitro metabolism of degarelix was further investigated in human liver microsomes for up to 60 min. The metabolism pattern of degarelix was reported to be similar in humans and animals. Degarelix was virtually no substrate for oxidative metabolism, but was degraded by peptidases with generation of various truncated peptides. Only low concentration of one metabolite was seen in human plasma, and this metabolite was also seen in rats, dogs and monkeys.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
在degarelix治疗期间最常见的不良反应(>10%)包括注射部位反应(例如,疼痛、红斑、肿胀或硬化)、热潮红、体重增加以及血清转氨酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)水平的升高。
The most commonly observed adverse reactions (> 10%) during degarelix therapy included injection site reactions (e.g., pain, erythema, swelling, or induration), hot flashes, increased weight, and increases in serum levels of transaminases and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
Degarelix治疗已与高达三分之一的患者血清酶水平升高有关。然而,这些升高通常是轻微和自限性的,即使在不调整剂量的情况下也能解决。ALT值高于正常上限3倍的情况在不到1%的患者中出现。偶尔会有患者因血清酶升高而需要停药,但在degarelix的初步临床试验中并未报告出现黄疸或临床上明显的急性肝损伤的情况。自从degarelix获得批准并更广泛使用以来,尽管其使用范围有限,但尚未有公开发表的报告将临床上明显的肝损伤归因于degarelix。
Degarelix therapy has been associated with serum enzyme elevations in up to one-third of patients. The elevations, however, are generally mild and self-limited, resolving even without dose adjustment. ALT values above 3 times the ULN occur in less than 1% of patients. Occasional patients require drug discontinuation because of serum enzyme elevations, but no instances of liver injury with jaundice or clinically apparent acute liver injury were reported in the initial clinical trials of degarelix. Since its approval and more widescale use, there have been no published reports of clinically apparent liver injury attributed to degarelix, although its general use has been limited.
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
化合物:德加雷利克斯
Compound:degarelix
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI 注解:模糊的 DILI 关注
DILI Annotation:Ambiguous DILI-concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
严重程度等级:3
Severity Grade:3
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
Degarelix在皮下给药后在注射部位形成储库,药物由此缓慢释放进入循环。在单次静脉注射2mg/kg后,degarelix的血浆峰浓度在6小时内达到330 ng/mL。Ki = 0.082 ng/mL,93%的受体被完全抑制;MRT = 4.5天。
Degarelix forms a depot at the site of injection after subcutaneous administration from which the drug slowly released into circulation. After a single bolus dose of 2mg/kg, peak plasma concentrations of degarelix occured within 6 hours at a concentration of 330 ng/mL. Ki = 0.082 ng/mL and 93% of receptors were fully suppressed; MRT = 4.5 days.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
粪便(70%至80%)和肾脏(20%-30%的未改变药物)
Fecal (70% to 80%) and renal (20%-30% of unchanged drug)
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
中心室:8.88 - 11.4 升;周边室:40.9 升
Central compartment: 8.88 - 11.4 L; Peripheral compartment: 40.9 L
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
在前列腺癌患者皮下注射Degarelix后,其清除率大约为9升/小时。
Following subcutaneous administration of degarelix to prostate cancer patients the clearance is approximately 9 L/hr.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
小鼠、大鼠、狗、猴子和人类的血浆蛋白结合率是通过使用(3)H- degarelix和超速离心技术进行测定的。动物和人类的血浆结合率大约为90%。在大鼠、狗和猴子中研究了(3)H-degarelix给药后放射性的分布,剂量分别为0.03毫克/千克、0.003毫克/千克和0.0082毫克/千克。在处死和解剖动物后,测量了组织的放射性。高浓度主要出现在皮下注射部位和排泄器官。在消除期,一些内分泌和生殖系统的器官以及富含网状内皮细胞的器官的浓度较低,但仍高于血浆中的浓度,其中大部分含有对LHRH具有特异性的受体。没有组织滞留的迹象。
The protein binding in plasma of mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and humans was measured using the (3)H-degarelix and the ultracentrifugation technique. The plasma binding was approximately 90% in animals and humans. Distribution of radioactivity following administration of (3)H-degarelix was studied in rats, dogs and monkeys, doses were respectively 0.03 mg/kg, 0.003 mg/kg and 0.0082 mg/kg. Radioactivity of tissues was measured after sacrifice and necropsy of the animals. High concentrations were mainly seen at the s.c. injection site and in organs of excretion. Lower concentrations, but still higher than those in plasma were generally seen in some organs of the endocrine and reproductive systems most of which contain specific receptors for LHRH, and organs rich in reticuloendothelial cells during the elimination phase. There was no indication of tissue retention.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 储存条件:
    2-8℃

SDS

SDS:794bfd79b791b4a8640527d1c31880b1
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制备方法与用途

概述

醋酸地加瑞克是一种合成的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)受体拮抗剂,通过与脑下垂体的GnRH受体可逆结合,减少促性腺激素及睾酮的释放,从而发挥抗前列腺癌作用。

前列腺癌GnRH的拮抗剂

地加瑞克(商品名:费蒙格®)是最新一代的GnRH拮抗剂,在其分子的5、6位并入了P-尿基苯丙氨酸。化学结构的改变使得药物作用时间延长的同时避免了因组胺释放引起的超敏反应。

地加瑞克的临床有效性、安全性和长期用药均得到了多个临床验证,是目前应用最广泛的GnRH拮抗剂。对于晚期前列腺癌骨转移,地加瑞克同样表现出良好的优越性。有研究显示,通过地加瑞克治疗1年后,前列腺癌骨转移患者较GnRH激动剂治疗显著降低了血浆碱性磷酸酶(S-ALP),而S-ALP的升高往往与骨转移相关。

2018年11月我国国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准地加瑞克上市,用于雄激素依赖的前列腺癌患者。对于我国前列腺癌患者来说,无疑又是一项重大利好。

作用机理

地加瑞克是丹麦辉凌制药有限公司研发的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)受体抑制剂类药物。它可逆性抑制垂体GnRH受体来减少促性腺激素释放继而抑制睾酮的释放。地加瑞克通过抑制对前列腺癌持续生长至关重要的睾酮,从而延缓前列腺癌的生长和恶化。

用途

醋酸地加瑞克是一种促性腺激素释放激素受体阻滞剂,该药已分别在美国和欧美被批准用于晚期(激素依赖的)前列腺癌治疗,在日本也被批准用于前列腺癌治疗。

生物活性

Degarelix 是一种竞争性、可逆的促性腺激素释放激素受体 (GnRHR) 拮抗剂。

靶点

GnRHR

体外研究

Degarelix 直接作用于下丘脑-垂体对黄体生成素释放激素(LHRH)的受体,阻断内源性 LHRH 的作用。使用 Degarelix 可消除由 LHRH 激动剂产生的初始不利的促性腺激素和睾酮水平激增。Degarelix 治疗减少了所有前列腺细胞系(WPE1-NA22、WPMY-1、BPH-1 细胞、VCaP 细胞)的细胞活力,除了 PC-3 细胞外。GnRH 抗体 Degarelix 通过凋亡直接作用于前列腺细胞生长。

体内研究

在大鼠单次皮下注射 0.3 到 10 μg/kg 的剂量下,Degarelix 显示出剂量依赖性的垂体-性腺轴抑制效应,表现为血浆黄体生成素(LH)和睾酮水平的下降。LH 抑制的时间随着剂量增加而延长:在大鼠中,在单次皮下注射 Degarelix 12.5、50 或 200 μg/kg 后分别持续了 1 天、2 天和 7 天。Degarelix 在微粒体和冷冻保存的动物肝细胞中稳定存在。在大鼠和狗中,大部分剂量通过尿液和粪便(各占约40-50%)被消除,在猴子中主要的排泄途径是通过粪便(50%)和肾脏(22%)。

参考质量标准

外观:白色粉末 纯度 (HPLC) ≥98.0% 单杂 ≤1.0% 醋酸根含量 5.0%~12.0% 水分含量 ≤10.0% 肽含量 ≥80.0%

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    三异丙基硅烷三氟乙酸 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 反应 2.0h, 生成 醋酸地加瑞克
    参考文献:
    名称:
    AJIPHASE®:一种高效的合成方法,通过Fmoc策略在溶液阶段延伸一锅肽
    摘要:
    我们先前报道了一种有效的肽合成方法AJIPHASE®,该方法包括重复的反应和通过沉淀分离。该方法利用具有长链烷基的锚分子作为C末端的保护基。为了进一步改进该方法,我们开发了一种肽序列的一锅法合成方法,其中合成中间体通过溶剂萃取而不是沉淀法进行分离。在新工艺中使用了支链锚分子,与以前的方法相比,该方法显着提高了长肽的溶解度和操作效率,而以前的方法采用沉淀法进行分离和使用直链脂族基团。这种基于溶剂萃取的策略的另一个先决条件是使用硫代苹果酸和DBU进行Fmoc脱保护,
    DOI:
    10.1002/anie.201702931
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文献信息

  • Process for the preparation of Degarelix acetate and Degarelix acetate-mannitol premix
    申请人:RK Pharma Solutions LLC
    公开号:US20210094984A1
    公开(公告)日:2021-04-01
    Methods for preparing degarelix acetate are provided that include the steps of providing a suitable resin; deprotecting the resin with a diethylenetriamine solution; reacting sequentially the deprotected resin with different Fmoc protected amino acids ;deprotecting the amino acid in each sequence with a diethylenetriamine solution in a stepwise fashion to yield a degarelix crude compound; and purifying the degarelix crude compound to yield pharmaceutically acceptable degarelix acetate. Methods of preparing degarelix acetate-mannitol premix and the resulting degarelix acetate-mannitol premix are also provided
    提供了制备地加雷利司醋酸盐的方法,包括以下步骤:提供适当的树脂;用二乙二胺溶液去保护树脂;依次用不同的Fmoc保护氨基酸与去保护的树脂反应;以逐步方式用二乙二胺溶液去保护每个序列中的氨基酸,得到地加雷利司粗化合物;并纯化地加雷利司粗化合物,得到药用可接受的地加雷利司醋酸盐。还提供了制备地加雷利司醋酸盐-甘露醇预混物及由此得到的地加雷利司醋酸盐-甘露醇预混物的方法。
  • Overcoming Chemical Challenges in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of High-Purity GnRH Antagonist Degarelix. Part 2
    作者:Ivan Guryanov、Andrea Orlandin、Angelo Viola、Barbara Biondi、Fernando Formaggio、Antonio Ricci、Walter Cabri
    DOI:10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00540
    日期:2020.2.21
    to select those which afforded both the rapid Fmoc deprotection during the solid-phase synthesis and the absence of this peculiar rearrangement. Among the bases tested, only tert-butylamine did not affect the peptide molecule and was able to perform fast Fmoc removal. The use of tert-butylamine for the synthesis of Degarelix led to a product with excellent purity and yield without a detectable amount
    在存在碱的情况下,二氢激素(Hor)残基的水解和重排导致乙内酰脲(Hyd)杂质的形成,是制造促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂Degarelix的主要问题之一。为了找到克服该问题的有效策略,我们进行了有机碱的筛选,以选择在固相合成过程中既能快速进行Fmoc脱保护又能避免这种特殊重排的有机碱。在测试的碱基中,只有叔丁胺不影响肽分子,并且能够快速去除Fmoc。使用叔叔用于合成Degarelix的丁胺可制得纯度和产率极佳的产品,而没有可检测量的乙内酰脲杂质。因此,我们表明叔丁胺可以替代哌啶用于工业规模生产Degarelix或其他含Hor的肽类药物。
  • [EN] IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF DEGARELIX ACETATE<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ AMÉLIORÉ DE PRODUCTION D'ACÉTATE DE DÉGARÉLIX
    申请人:ALAPARTHI LAKSHMI PRASAD
    公开号:WO2019202613A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-10-24
    : The present invention relates to improved manufacturing process for preparing Degarelix Acetate using method of deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis in which the improvement comprises: treating with Pyrrolidine in Dimethylformamide in small volume. Also disclosed is degarelix of high purity prepared by the method of the invention and the use of Fmoc and deprotection with Pyrrolidine in small volume in the synthesis of degarelix.
    本发明涉及一种改进的制备Degarelix Acetate的制造工艺,使用固相肽合成中的去保护方法,其中改进包括:在少量Dimethylformamide中用Pyrrolidine处理。本发明还公开了通过该方法制备的高纯度Degarelix以及在合成Degarelix时使用Fmoc和少量Pyrrolidine去保护的用途。
  • PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DEGARELIX AND ITS INTERMEDIATES
    申请人:Rasmusse Jon Holbech
    公开号:US20130281661A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-10-24
    The present invention relates to a liquid (or solution)-phase manufacturing process for preparing the decapeptide Degarelix, its protected precursor, and other useful intermediates. The invention further relates to polypeptides useful in the solution-phase manufacturing process and to the purification of Degarelix itself. Degarelix can be obtained by subjecting a Degarelix precursor according to formula (II): (P 1 )AA 1 -AA 2 -AA 3 -AA 4 (P 4 )-AA 5 -AA 6 (P 6 )-AA 7 -AA 8 (P 8 )-AA 9 -AA 10 -NH 2 (II) or a salt or solvate thereof, to a treatment with a cleaving agent in an organic solvent, wherein P 1 is an amino protecting groups; preferably acetyl; P 4 is hydrogen or a hydroxy! protecting group, preferably a hydroxyl protecting group; P 6 is hydrogen or an amino protecting groups; preferably an amino protecting groups; and P 8 is an amino protecting group.
    本发明涉及一种液相(或溶液)制造工艺,用于制备十肽Degarelix、其保护前体和其他有用的中间体。本发明还涉及在溶液相制造过程中有用的多肽以及Degarelix本身的纯化。通过将式(II)中的Degarelix前体或其盐或溶剂处理剂按照公式(II)进行处理,可以获得Degarelix,其中P1是氨基保护基,优选为乙酰基;P4是氢或羟基保护基,优选为羟基保护基;P6是氢或氨基保护基,优选为氨基保护基;P8是氨基保护基。处理剂是有机溶剂。
  • METHODS FOR DETERMINING CELLS SUCH AS CIRCULATING CANCER OR FETAL CELLS
    申请人:Analiza, Inc.
    公开号:EP3702783A1
    公开(公告)日:2020-09-02
    Some embodiments of the present invention generally relate to devices and methods for determining and/or isolating cells. For example, one aspect is generally directed to methods and devices for detecting, identifying, counting, and/or potentially sorting cells of interest in blood or other biological sample. In some embodiments, blood samples (or other biological fluids) may be treated with signaling entities, such as pH-sensitive entities, that change color or otherwise produce a signal in suitable internal environments. For example, certain cells, such as cancer or fetal cells, may have differences in intracellular pH compared to other cells, which can be detected using pH-sensitive entities. In certain embodiments, the cells may be sorted based on such signaling entities; for example, illumination of cells in a suitable machine for sorting cells (e. g., using fluorescent light) may allow determination of the cells, which may also be recovered or isolated for further manipulation in some cases.
    本发明的一些实施方案一般涉及用于确定和/或分离细胞的装置和方法。例如,一个方面一般涉及用于检测、识别、计数和/或可能分选血液或其他生物样本中相关细胞的方法和装置。在某些实施方案中,血液样本(或其他生物液体)可以用信号实体(如 pH 敏感实体)处理,这些实体会变色或在合适的内部环境中产生信号。例如,某些细胞(如癌细胞或胎儿细胞)与其他细胞相比,细胞内 pH 值可能存在差异,可使用 pH 值敏感实体进行检测。在某些实施方案中,可根据此类信号实体对细胞进行分选;例如,在用于分选细胞的合适机器中对细胞进行照射(如使用荧光灯),可对细胞进行测定,在某些情况下,还可对细胞进行回收或分离,以便进一步操作。
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