[Dmt1]DALDA analogues with enhanced μ opioid agonist potency and with a mixed μ/κ opioid activity profile
摘要:
Analogues of [Dmt(1)]DALDA (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2; Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine), a potent mu opioid agonist peptide with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant activity, were prepared by replacing Phe(3) with various 2',6'-dialkylated Phe analogues, including 2',6'-dimethylphenylalanine (Dmp), 2',4',6'-trimethylphenylalanine (Tmp), 2'-isopropyl-6'-methylphenylalanine (Imp) and 2'-ethyl-6'-methylphenylalanine (Emp), or with the bulky amino acids 3'-(1-naphthyl)alanine (1-Nal), 3'-(2-naphthyl)alanine (2-Nal) or Trp. Several compounds showed significantly increased mu agonist potency, retained mu receptor selectivity and are of interest as drug candidates for neuropathic pain treatment. Surprisingly, the Dmp(3)-, Imp(3)-, Emp(3)- and 1-Nal(3)-containing analogues showed much increased kappa receptor binding affinity and had mixed mu/kappa properties. In these cases, molecular dynamics studies indicated conformational preorganization of the unbound peptide ligands due to rotational restriction around the C-beta-C-gamma bond of the Xxx(3) residue, in correlation with the observed kappa receptor binding enhancement. Compounds with a mixed mu/kappa opioid activity profile are known to have therapeutic potential for treatment of cocaine abuse. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enkephalin analogues with 2′,6′-dimethylphenylalanine replacing phenylalanine in position 4
摘要:
Four Leu-enkephalin (Enk) analogues containing 2'.6'-dimethyphenylalanine (Dmp) in position 4 were prepared and tested for their receptor binding and biological activities. Among the analogues prepared, [2', 6'-dimethvltyrosine(1), D-Dmp(4)]Enk was found to be an antagonist toward mu and delta opioid receptors with pA(2) values of 6.90 and 5.57, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
carrying methylgroups at positions 2 and 6 and diverse functionalities at position 4 has been achieved. The approach, which took advantage of a Pd-catalyzed directed C–H dimethylation of picolinamide derivatives, allowed the electronic and steric properties of the resulting amino acid derivatives to be altered by appending a variety of electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, or bulky groups.