Alkene-Assisted Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4-Addition of Organoboronic Acid to Dienones: A Direct Route to All-Carbon Quaternary Centers
摘要:
A nickel-catalyzed highly regioselective 1,4-addition reaction of boronic acids to dienones to form products with an all-carbon quaternary center is described. The 3-alkenyl group of dienones is the key for the reaction to proceed smoothly. A mechanism involving the coordination of the dienyl group to the nickel center is proposed.
Beta-halogeno-alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives were converted to the corresponding zinc organometallics 2a under mild conditions in THF (Zn dust, 25-45-degrees-C, 1-4h). These functionalized alkenylzinc iodides react with a variety of alkenyl and aromatic iodides affording the desired coupling products in 40-97% yield. The addition of a THF solution of CuCN.2LiCl to 2a affords the corresponding organocopper derivatives 2b which react with electrophiles, such as alkynyl and allylic halides, nitro olefins, enones, and chlorotrimethylstannane providing polyfunctional unsaturated carbonyl compounds in 71-95% yield. The insertion of chromium (II) chloride to beta-iodo and to some beta-(p-tosyl)enones in DMF furnishes new functionalized chromium (III) organometallics 2c which react with aldehydes providing gamma-hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl derivatives in 40-91% yield. The synthetic scope and the limitations of this methodology are discussed.
Preparation and reactivity of functionalized alkenyl-zinc, -copper, and -chromium organometallics
作者:Paul Knochel、C. Janakiram Rao
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80504-4
日期:1993.1
Beta-halogeno-alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives were converted to the corresponding zinc organometallics 2a under mild conditions in THF (Zn dust, 25-45-degrees-C, 1-4h). These functionalized alkenylzinc iodides react with a variety of alkenyl and aromatic iodides affording the desired coupling products in 40-97% yield. The addition of a THF solution of CuCN.2LiCl to 2a affords the corresponding organocopper derivatives 2b which react with electrophiles, such as alkynyl and allylic halides, nitro olefins, enones, and chlorotrimethylstannane providing polyfunctional unsaturated carbonyl compounds in 71-95% yield. The insertion of chromium (II) chloride to beta-iodo and to some beta-(p-tosyl)enones in DMF furnishes new functionalized chromium (III) organometallics 2c which react with aldehydes providing gamma-hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl derivatives in 40-91% yield. The synthetic scope and the limitations of this methodology are discussed.
Alkene-Assisted Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,4-Addition of Organoboronic Acid to Dienones: A Direct Route to All-Carbon Quaternary Centers
A nickel-catalyzed highly regioselective 1,4-addition reaction of boronic acids to dienones to form products with an all-carbon quaternary center is described. The 3-alkenyl group of dienones is the key for the reaction to proceed smoothly. A mechanism involving the coordination of the dienyl group to the nickel center is proposed.