Cyclization of the lactam carbonyl on the indole ring in tryptophanol-derived oxazolopiperidone lactams 2 and 6, under the classical POCl3-promoted Bischler–Napieralski conditions and under neutral conditions via the corresponding thiolactam, has been studied. Whereas tricyclic lactam 2 only leads to products coming from an α-amidoalkylation process, bicyclic lactam 6 undergoes cyclization on the lactam