Influences of fluorination on homoleptic iridium complexes with C∧N=N type ligand to material properties, ligand orientation and OLED performances
作者:Chen Liu、Le Mao、HaoXin Jia、ZhangJin Liao、HongJiao Wang、BaoXiu Mi、ZhiQiang Gao
DOI:10.1007/s11426-014-5172-1
日期:2015.4
Two new iridium complexes with C∧N=N type ligand (i.e., Ir(BFPPya)3tris[3,6-bis(4-fluorophenyl)pyridazine]iridium(III)} and Ir(BDFPPya)3tris[3,6-bis (2,4-di-fluorophenyl)pyridazine]iridium(III)}) attaching with fluorine atoms, were synthesized and the effects of fluorination on the material properties and device performance were investigated. Compared with our previously reported fluorine-free analogue material, that is Ir(BPPya)3tris[3,6-bis(phenyl)pyridazine]iridium(III)}, blue shifts in the emission spectra as well as in the long wavelength region of the absorptions were observed. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (0.44 and 0.84 vs 0.29), phosphoresces lifetime (0.88 and 1.31 vs 0.66 ms), and oxidation potential (1.10 and 1.37 vs 0.95 V) increased obviously after fluorinating the ligand. In contrast, the thermal stability of the iridium complexes decreased slightly (Td: 435 and 402 vs 440 °C). In the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, by comparing the steric shape of the three ligands within one optimized molecule, orientational differences among the complexes were observed. In OLED device studies, bluish green electroluminescence with peak emission of 500 nm, using the electron-transporting host of TPBI [2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris(1-phenyl- 1H-benzimidazole)] and the most fluorinated dopant of Ir(BDFPPya)3, was achieved with maximum efficiency of 20.3 cd/A. On one hand this efficiency is not satisfactory considering a high PLQY of 0.84. On the other hand with the similar device structure, that the (HOMO-LUMO)s of all the dopants are wrapped within that of the host TPBI, and all the triplet energies of the dopants are smaller than that of the host TPBI, it is abnormal that the ordering of device efficiencies is contradictory to that of PLQY. Assisting with the phosphorescent spectrum of TPBI and the absorption spectra of the dopant, the contradiction was interpreted reasonably.
两种具有 C∧N=N 型配体的新铱配合物(即Ir(BFPPya)3三[3,6-双(4-氟苯基)哒嗪]铱(III)}和 Ir(BDFPPya)3三[3,6-双(2,4-二氟苯基)哒嗪]铱(III)}),并研究了氟化对材料性质和器件性能的影响。与我们之前报道的无氟类似材料,即 Ir(BPPya)3三[3,6-双(苯基)哒嗪]铱(III)}相比,在发射光谱和长波长吸收区都观察到了蓝移。配体氟化后,光致发光量子产率(PLQY)(0.44 和 0.84 vs 0.29)、磷光寿命(0.88 和 1.31 vs 0.66 ms)和氧化电位(1.10 和 1.37 vs 0.95 V)明显增加。相反,铱配合物的热稳定性略有下降(Td:435 和 402 vs 440 ℃)。在密度泛函理论(DFT)计算中,通过比较一个优化分子中三种配体的立体形状,观察到了不同配合物之间的取向差异。在 OLED 器件研究中,使用 TPBI [2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-苯三基)三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑)] 电子传递宿主和最氟掺杂剂 Ir(BDFPPya)3 实现了蓝绿色电致发光,峰值发射为 500 nm,最大效率为 20.3 cd/A。一方面,考虑到 0.84 的高 PLQY,这一效率并不令人满意。另一方面,由于器件结构相似,所有掺杂剂的(HOMO-LUMO)都包裹在宿主 TPBI 的(HOMO-LUMO)内,而且所有掺杂剂的三重能都小于宿主 TPBI 的三重能,因此器件效率的排序与 PLQY 的排序是矛盾的。借助 TPBI 的磷光光谱和掺杂剂的吸收光谱,可以合理地解释这一矛盾。