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四甲基硅烷 | 75-76-3

中文名称
四甲基硅烷
中文别名
四甲矽;四甲基矽烷
英文名称
tetramethylsilane
英文别名
——
四甲基硅烷化学式
CAS
75-76-3
化学式
C4H12Si
mdl
——
分子量
88.2248
InChiKey
CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    -99 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    26-28 °C (lit.)
  • 密度:
    0.648 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
  • 闪点:
    −17 °F
  • 溶解度:
    0.02克/升
  • 介电常数:
    1.9199999999999999
  • 物理描述:
    Tetramethylsilane appears as a colorless, mildly acidic volatile liquid. A serious fire hazard. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Emits acrid smoke and fumes when heated to high temperatures. Less dense than water and insoluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. Used as an aviation fuel and as an internal standard for nmr analytical instruments.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Volatile liquid or gas
  • 蒸汽压力:
    718 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    Henry's Law constant = 4.25 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    1.00e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
  • 汽化热:
    5785.1 cal/mol
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction = 1.3587 at 20 °C/D
  • 保留指数:
    428.6 ;433 ;438.1
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 化学稳定,不被浓硫酸或强碱分解。在紫外线照射下,可氯化成氯甲基三甲基硅烷。四甲基硅烷具有很高的热稳定性,在660~720℃下才开始分解。 2. 稳定性 <sup>[14]</sup>:稳定 3. 禁配物 <sup>[15]</sup>:强氧化剂、强酸、强碱 4. 避免潮湿的条件 <sup>[16]</sup>:潮湿空气 5. 聚合危害 <sup>[17]</sup>:不会聚合

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    1.95
  • 重原子数:
    5
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

毒理性
  • 副作用
其他毒物 - 简单窒息剂
Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
立即急救:确保已经进行了充分去污。如果患者停止呼吸,开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、气囊面罩装置或口袋面罩,按训练进行操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐,让患者前倾或置于左侧(如果可能的话,头部向下)以保持呼吸道畅通,防止吸入。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。/硅烷、氯硅烷及相关化合物/
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
基本治疗:建立专利气道(如需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有必要,协助通气。通过非重复呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿,并在必要时进行治疗……。预期可能出现癫痫,并在必要时进行治疗……。监测休克,并在必要时进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染,立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中,用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能够吞咽、有强烈的呕吐反射且不流口水,则用水冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭(参阅第三部分的摄入协议……)。在去污后,用无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/硅烷、氯硅烷及其相关化合物/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal (refer to ingestion protocol in Section Three ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and Related Compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
高级治疗:对于失去意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人,考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。在上呼吸道阻塞的第一个迹象出现时,可能需要早期插管。使用气囊面罩的积极压力通气技术可能有益。考虑对肺水肿进行药物治疗...。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常...。开始静脉输注D5W/SRP:“保持开放”,最低流速/。如果出现低血容量的迹象,使用0.9%盐水(NS)或乳酸钠林格氏液(LR)。对于伴有低血容量症状的低血压,谨慎给予液体。如果病人在正常液体容量下出现低血压,考虑使用血管加压药。注意液体过载的迹象...。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫...。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗...。/硅烷、氯硅烷及其相关化合物/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Silane, Chlorosilane, and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 非人类毒性摘录
实验室动物:亚慢性或前慢性暴露/评估了四甲基硅烷的潜在毒性...在结合重复暴露毒性研究和生殖/发育毒性筛选测试中进行。研究设计采用了符合经合组织和环境保护局测试指南No. 422和No. 870.3650的协议增强版。对雄性和雌性大鼠进行了包括功能观察电池(FOB)和运动活动在内的发育神经毒性终点测试。测试物质通过吸入方式每天六小时、每周七天给予每组10只/性别/剂量的雄性和雌性大鼠,剂量为0、200、1000和5000 ppm。所有动物都存活到预定的解剖时间。各组之间没有出现临床体征或对体重和食物消耗的影响。在任何FOB或运动活动参数中没有观察到与处理相关的变化。各组之间的血液学、血清化学、器官重量、器官体重比或器官/组织的宏观检查没有变化。对对照组和高暴露组动物的组织和器官进行组织病理学检查,没有发现显著显微镜下的发现。在评估的任何生殖参数中没有观察到影响。200 ppm组中有一只雌性未怀孕,但其余雌性产生的后代在所有方面都与对照组相似。根据这项研究的结果,大鼠通过吸入途径接触四甲基硅烷的NOAEL被认为是5000 ppm。
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The potential toxicity of tetramethylsilane ... was evaluated in a combined repeated exposure toxicity study with a reproductive/ developmental toxicity screening test. The study design utilized an enhanced version of the protocol in accordance with the OECD and EPA test guidelines Nos. 422 and 870.3650, respectively. Developmental neurotoxicity endpoints including Functional Observational Battery (FOB) and Motor Activity were performed on male and female rats. The test substance was administered six hours a day, seven days a wk by inhalation to 10 rats/sex/group at 0, 200, 1000, and 5000 ppm. All animals survived to the scheduled necropsy. There were no clinical signs or effects on body weights and food consumption among the groups. No treatment-related changes were observed in any FOB or motor activity parameters. There were no alterations in hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, organ to body weight ratios or macroscopic examination of organs/tissues among the groups. Histopathologic examination of tissues and organs for control and high exposure animals demonstrated no significant microscopic findings. No effects were observed in any of the reproductive parameters evaluated. One female in 200 ppm group was found non-gravid but the remaining females produced litters that were similar in all respects to control litters. Based on the results of this study, the NOAEL for tetramethylsilane in rats via inhalation route was considered to be 5000 ppm.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    3
  • 危险品标志:
    F+
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S3/7,S33,S36,S45,S9
  • 危险类别码:
    R12
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2931 90 00
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2810 6.1/PG 3
  • 包装等级:
    I
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • 危险标志:
    GHS02
  • 危险性描述:
    H224
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P210
  • 储存条件:
    储存时应注意以下事项: - 存于阴凉、干燥且通风良好的库房。 - 远离火种及热源,库温不宜超过29℃。 - 包装必须密封,切勿受潮。 - 应与氧化剂、酸类和碱类分开存放,严禁混储。 - 使用防爆型照明和通风设施,并禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。 - 储区应配备泄漏应急处理设备及合适的收容材料。

SDS

SDS:1ff0144f480c874e63be51b7eefd8dfd
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第一部分:化学品名称

制备方法与用途

概述

四甲基硅烷是一种烷烃类有机物,可作为硅烷试剂使用。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    四甲基硅烷 在 aluminum (III) chloride N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS) 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 18.0h, 以32%的产率得到溴乙基三甲基硅烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    WO2007/27917
    摘要:
    公开号:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    2-氯乙基三氯硅烷 在 CH3MgBr 作用下, 以 not given 为溶剂, 以55%的产率得到四甲基硅烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Si: MVol.C, 50, page 143 - 146
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    1,1-二氯环己烷 在 aluminum tri-bromide 、 四甲基硅烷 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 0.5h, 以18%的产率得到1,1-二甲基环己烷
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Parnes, Z. N.; Romanova, V. S.; Vol'pin, M. E., Journal of Organic Chemistry USSR (English Translation), 1988, p. 258 - 260
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • Half-sandwich rare-earth metal tris(alkyl) ate complexes catalyzed phosphaguanylation reaction of phosphines with carbodiimides: an efficient synthesis of phosphaguanidines
    作者:Wangyang Ma、Ling Xu、Wen-Xiong Zhang、Zhenfeng Xi
    DOI:10.1039/c5nj01136a
    日期:——

    Half-sandwich Y/Li ate complex displays better catalytic activity for phosphaguanylation reaction of phosphines with carbodiimides than the neutral yttrium complexes.

    半夹 Y/Li 配合物在磷胍基化反应中显示出比中性钇配合物更好的催化活性。
  • Haloguanidine compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use
    申请人:ICI Americas Inc.
    公开号:US04362728A1
    公开(公告)日:1982-12-07
    Compounds useful for inhibiting gastric acid secretion and for the treatment of peptic ulcers caused or exacerbated by gastric acidity having the following formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, are H, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl in which the alkyl part is C.sub.1-6 and the cycloalkyl part is C.sub.3-8, each of the alkyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkylalkyls being optionally substituted by one or more halogens selected from F, Cl and Br, provided that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a halogen substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl and provided that there is no halogen substituent on the carbon directly attached to the nitrogen; and X, m, Y, n and R.sup.3 are as described in the specification; and the pharmaceutically-acceptable acid-addition salts thereof. Processes for producing compounds of formula (I), pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of utilizing such compositions and intermediates useful for synthesizing compounds of formula (I) are also described.
    用于抑制胃酸分泌和治疗由胃酸引起或加重的消化性溃疡的化合物具有以下结构式(I):##STR1##其中R.sup.1和R.sup.2为H,C.sub.1-10烷基,C.sub.3-8环烷基或环烷基烷基,其中烷基部分为C.sub.1-6,环烷基部分为C.sub.3-8,每个烷基,环烷基和环烷基烷基可选择地被来自F、Cl和Br的一个或多个卤素取代,前提是R.sup.1和R.sup.2中至少有一个是卤素取代的烷基,环烷基或环烷基烷基,并且直接连接到氮的碳上没有卤素取代物;X,m,Y,n和R.sup.3如规范中所述;以及其药用可接受的酸加盐。还描述了制备结构式(I)化合物的方法,含有它们的药物组合物,利用这种组合物的方法以及用于合成结构式(I)化合物的中间体。
  • Comparative reactivity of isoelectronic nitrido, methylimido, and oxo complexes of osmium(VI)
    作者:Robert W. Marshman、Patricia A. Shapley
    DOI:10.1021/ja00179a022
    日期:1990.11
    The structures, physical properties, and reaction chemistry of isoelectronic alkyl complexes of osmium (VI) are compared. The three, five-coordinate alkyl complexes [NBu 4 n ] [Os(N)(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 ], Os(NMe)(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 , and Os(O)(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and by electrochemical techniques. All have a square-pyramidal
    比较了锇 (VI) 等电子烷基配合物的结构、物理性质和反应化学。三、五配位烷基配合物[NBu 4 n ] [Os(N)(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 ]、Os(NMe)(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 和Os(O)(CH 2 SiMe 3 ) 4 已通过单晶 X 射线衍射、核磁共振、红外、紫外-可见光谱和电化学技术表征。在固态时都具有方形锥体结构,亚胺和氧代配合物对三角形双锥体有轻微的变形
  • Metallorganische verbindungen der lanthaniden
    作者:H. Schumann、J. Müller
    DOI:10.1016/s0022-328x(00)81463-1
    日期:1979.4
    Lutetium trichloride reacts with trimethylsilylmethyllithium in ether under formation of [Li(Et2O)4][Lu(CH2SiMe3)4], which decomposes slowly losing SiMe4 and yielding Li[Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(CHSiMe3]. Neutral Er(CH2SiMe3)(CHSiMe3) is isolated from the decomposition of Er(CH2SiMe3)3·(THF)2 in pentane.
    三氯化ute与三甲基硅烷基甲基锂在乙醚中反应形成[Li(Et 2 O)4 ] [Lu(CH 2 SiMe 3)4 ],分解缓慢失去SiMe 4并生成Li [Lu(CH 2 SiMe 3)2(CHSiMe)3 ]。从戊烷中的Er(CH 2 SiMe 3)3 ·(THF)2分解中分离出中性Er(CH 2 SiMe 3)(CHSiMe 3)。
  • [Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane]platinum(0). Reactions with alkyl, (trimethylsilyl)methyl, aryl, benzyl, and alkynyl carbon-hydrogen bonds
    作者:Marifaith. Hackett、George M. Whitesides
    DOI:10.1021/ja00213a016
    日期:1988.3
    prepare l'intermediaire du titre qui reagit aussitot avec des composes aliphatiques, alicycliques, des composes benzeniques pour donner soit des complexes mixtes, soit des complexes d'alkyl, cyclanyl ou aryl platine
    A partir du complexe 通讯员 de neopentyl platine on prepare l'intermediaire du titre qui reagit aussitot avec des composes aliphatiques, alicycliques, des composes benzeniques pour donner soit des complexes mixtes, soit des complexes d'alkyl, cyclanyl ou aryl platine
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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