Low-Temperature Formation of Ultra-High-Temperature Transition Metal Carbides from Salt-Polymer Precursors
作者:Andrea D. Adamczak、Adam A. Spriggs、Danielle M. Fitch、Miladin Radovic、Jaime C. Grunlan
DOI:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03724.x
日期:2010.8
Refractory transition metal carbides were produced via carbothermal reduction of transition metal halides in a polymer precursor at low temperatures (<1200°C). This approach was used to generate TaC (Tm=3883°C), NbC (Tm=3610°C), and WC (Tm=2870°C) from TaBr5, NbBr5, and WCl4/WCl6, respectively. Solubility of transition metal halides and polymers in the same organic solvents allows for intimate mixing on the molecular level, which reduces the synthesis temperature. Greater than 90% TaC conversion was achieved by exposing a 50:50 weight ratio mixture of TaBr5 and polyimide (or polystyrene) to 1200°C for 1 h. Even at temperatures as low as 1000°C, the major product remains TaC. The ability to process these high‐temperature materials so simply, and at relatively low temperatures, makes them accessible for different applications requiring thermal protection such as coatings for metallic components of hypersonic aircraft, rocket engine components, fibers, or refractory containers.
采用碳热还原法,在低温度(<1200°C)条件下,利用聚合物前驱体中过渡金属卤化物的热还原,成功制备了耐高温的过渡金属碳化物。该方法能够生成钽碳化物(TaC,其熔点高达3883°C)、铌碳化物(NbC,熔点为3610°C)以及 tungsten 碳化物(WC,熔点为2870°C),分别由钽溴化物(TaBr₅)、铌溴化物(NbBr₅)、以及钨氯化物(WCl₄/WCl₆)为原料制得。由于过渡金属卤化物和聚合物在同一种有机溶剂中的良好溶解性,两者可在分子层面上充分混合,从而显著降低合成温度。实验数据显示,将质量比为50:50的钽溴化物与聚酰亚胺(或聚苯乙烯)混合物在1200°C下处理1小时,TaC的转化率超过90%。即使在1000°C的较低温度下,主要产物仍为TaC。这种能够在相对低温条件下简便制备高温材料的方法,使其在需要热防护的各种应用中具有广阔前景,如高超音速飞行器金属部件、火箭发动机部件的涂层,以及耐火容器等。