(E)-2-氰基-5-甲基-2-己烯酸甲酯 | 96914-67-9

• 物质功能分类: 分析化学 - 标准品 - 药典标准品和杂质标准品
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 中文名称: (E)-2-氰基-5-甲基-2-己烯酸甲酯
• 中文别名: 普瑞巴林杂质35
• 英文名称: 2-cyano-5-methylhex-2-enoic acid methyl ester
• 英文别名: methyl (E)-2-cyano-5-methyl-2-hexenoate；2-Cyano-5 methyl-hex-2-enoic acid methyl ester；(E)-2-Cyano-5-methyl-hex-2-enoic acid methyl ester；methyl (E)-2-cyano-5-methylhex-2-enoate
• CAS: 96914-67-9
• 化学式: C₉H₁₃NO₂
• 分子量: 167.208
• InChiKey: XQKFLKVOVNWEMQ-VMPITWQZSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  247.1±23.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  0.996±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.1
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.56
• 拓扑面积：
  50.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2926909090

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  (E)-2-氰基-5-甲基-2-己烯酸甲酯 在 aluminum oxide 、 potassium fluoride 、 sodium hydroxide 、 sodium tetrahydroborate 、 cobalt(II) chloride 作用下， 以 甲醇 、 二氯甲烷 、 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 9.0h， 生成 1-(tert-butoxycarbonylaminomethyl)-2-isobutylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Novel Cyclopropyl β-Amino Acid Analogues of Pregabalin and Gabapentin That Target the α₂-δ Protein

  摘要：

  As part of a program aimed at generating compounds with affinity for the alpha(2)-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, several novel beta-amino acids were prepared using an efficient nitroalkane-mediated cyclopropanation as a key step. Depending on the ester that was chosen, the target amino acids could be prepared in as few as three steps. The cyclopropyl amino acids derived from ketones proved to be potent binders of the alpha 2-beta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, but did not interact with the large neutral amino acid system L (leucine) transporter. Anticonvulsant effects were observed in vivo with compound 34 but only after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration, presumably due to inadequate brain concentrations of the drug being achieved following oral dosing. However, pregabalin 1 was active in the DBA/2 model after oral (and icv) dosing, supporting a hypothesis that active transport is a prerequisite for such zwitterionic species to cross the blood-brain barrier.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm0491086
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  异戊醛 、 氰乙酸甲酯 在 乙酸铵 作用下， 以 溶剂黄146 、 乙酸乙酯 、 苯 为溶剂， 以100 g (60%)的产率得到(E)-2-氰基-5-甲基-2-己烯酸甲酯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Cyclopropyl beta-amino acid derivatives

  摘要：

  这项发明涉及公式1的新型环丙基β-氨基酸衍生物，其中R1至R4如规范中定义，含有它们的药物组合物以及它们用于治疗各种中枢神经系统和其他疾病的用途。本发明的环丙基β-氨基酸衍生物表现出作为α2δ配体（α2δ配体）的活性。这类化合物对钙通道的α2δ亚基具有亲和力。

  公开号：

  US20040147608A1

文献信息

• [EN] TETRAZOLE AND OXADIAZOLONE SUBSTITUTED beta-AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE beta-AMINOACIDES SUBSTITUES PAR TETRAZOLE ET OXADIAZOLONE
  申请人：WARNER LAMBERT CO

  公开号：WO2004078734A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-09-16

  This invention relates to novel tetrazole and oxadiazalone β-amino acids derivatives of the formula (I, II), wherein G is (III, IV) wherein R1 through R4 are defined as in the specification, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use for the treatment of various central nervous system and other disorders. The cyclopropyl β-amino acids derivatives of this invention exhibit activity as alpha2delta ligands (α2δ ligands). Such compounds have affinity for the α2δ subunit of a calcium channel.

  这项发明涉及公式(I, II)的新型四唑和氧代噁唑酮β-氨基酸衍生物，其中G为(III, IV)，其中R1至R4如规范中所定义，含有它们的药物组合物以及它们用于治疗各种中枢神经系统和其他疾病的用途。本发明的环丙基β-氨基酸衍生物表现出作为α2δ配体（α2δ配体）的活性。这类化合物对钙通道的α2δ亚基具有亲和力。
• PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PREGABALIN
  申请人：HIKAL LIMITED

  公开号：US20150344919A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-12-03

  The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), which comprises the steps of: formula (I), (a) reacting isovaleraldehyde of formula (II) and alkyl cyanoacetate of formula (III) optionally in presence of salts of weak acid and weak base or weak base in a suitable solvent to get 2-cyano-5-methyl-hex-2-enoic acid alkyl ester of formula (IV); (b) reacting 2-cyano-5-methyl-hex-2-enoic acid alkyl ester of formula (IV) with a suitable cyanide source in water or in an organic solvent or mixture thereof to get 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile of formula (V); (c) obtaining optionally 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile of formula (V) by reacting isovaleraldehyde of formula (II) and alkyl cyanoacetate of formula (III) in presence of suitable cyanide source in water or in an organic solvent or mixture thereof in single step; (d) converting 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile of formula pa (V) to racemic 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (VI) with a genetically modified nitrilase enzyme (Nit pt 9N_56_2) in water or optionally with an organic co-solvent at appropriate pH and temperature; (e) converting racemic 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (VI) to racemic alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VII) by treatment with alcohol (R3OH) and acidic catalyst or alkyl halide (R3X) in presence of a base in a suitable solvent or a mixture of solvents thereof; (f) obtaining (S)-alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VIII) and (R)-3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (X) by enzymatic enantioselective hydrolysis in water or organic solvent or a mixture thereof from racemic alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VII); (g) obtaining optionally the compound of formula (VII) by racemizing unwanted (R)-3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (X) or substantially enriched (R)-3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid salt thereof of formula (X) in presence of a base in organic solvent or a mixture thereof; (h) converting (S)-alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VIII) to pregabalin of formula (I) by hydrolyzing ester group with suitable alkali or alkaline earth metal base followed by hydrogenation optionally in one pot in a solvent selected from water or other organic solvents or a mixture thereof in presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst.

  本发明提供了一种改进的制备化合物(I)的方法，包括以下步骤：式(I)，(a)在适当溶剂中，将式(II)异戊醛和式(III)烷基氰乙酸酯在弱酸和弱碱盐或弱碱的存在下反应，得到式(IV)的2-氰基-5-甲基-己-2-烯酸烷基酯；(b)将式(IV)的2-氰基-5-甲基-己-2-烯酸烷基酯与适当的氰化物源在水中或有机溶剂中或二者的混合物中反应，得到式(V)的2-异丁基琥珀酰腈；(c)通过在水中或有机溶剂中或二者的混合物中的单步反应，将式(II)异戊醛和式(III)烷基氰乙酸酯在适当的氰化物源的存在下反应，可选地获得式(V)的2-异丁基琥珀酰腈；(d)通过在水中或适当的pH和温度下，用一种基因改造的腈酶酶(Nit pt 9N_56_2)将式(V)的2-异丁基琥珀酰腈转化为外消旋3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸或其盐的式(VI)；(e)通过在适当溶剂或其混合物中，在碱的存在下，用醇(R3OH)和酸性催化剂或烷基卤化物(R3X)处理，将式(VI)的外消旋3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸或其盐转化为式(VII)的外消旋烷基3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸酯；(f)通过在水或有机溶剂或其混合物中，通过酶选择性立体选择性水解，从式(VII)的外消旋烷基3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸酯获得(S)-烷基3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸酯的式(VIII)和(R)-3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸或其盐的式(X)；(g)通过在有机溶剂或其混合物中，在碱的存在下，将不需要的(R)-3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸或其盐的式(X)或富集的(R)-3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸或其盐的式(X)外消旋化，可选地获得式(VII)的化合物；(h)通过在水或其他有机溶剂或其混合物中，在适当的氢化催化剂的存在下，将(S)-烷基3-氰基-5-甲基-己酸酯转化为式(I)的前列酸，首先用适当的碱或碱土金属碱水解酯基，然后在一个锅中进行氢化。
• Enantioselective Organocatalytic Allylic Amination
  作者：Thomas B. Poulsen、Carlos Alemparte、Karl Anker Jørgensen

  DOI：10.1021/ja0539847

  日期：2005.8.24

  based on organocatalysis has been developed. Using a commercially available organocatalyst we demonstrate a direct highly enantioselective allylic electrophilic functionalization of alkylidene cyanoacetates and malononitriles with azodicarboxylates. The reaction is broad in scope and proceeds in high yields and with enantioselectivities up to 99%. Furthermore, we demonstrate the synthetic utility of the

  已经开发了一种基于有机催化的催化对映选择性烯丙基胺化的新策略。使用市售的有机催化剂，我们证明了亚烷基氰基乙酸酯和丙二腈与偶氮二羧酸酯的直接高度对映选择性烯丙基亲电官能化。该反应范围广，收率高，对映选择性高达 99%。此外，我们展示了形成的光学活性产物的合成效用：高度非对映选择性的 Diels-Alder 反应、还原和光学活性结构单元的形成，这些结构单元存在于各种重要的生物活性化合物中，例如奎纳克林、氯喹及其类似物。
• Tetrazole and oxadiazolone substituted beta-amino acid derivatives
  申请人：Barta Sue Nancy

  公开号：US20050014804A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-01-20

  This invention relates to novel tetrazole and oxadiazalone β-amino acids derivatives of the formula wherein G is wherein R 1 through R 4 are defined as in the specification, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use for the treatment of various central nervous system and other disorders. The cyclopropyl β-amino acids derivatives of this invention exhibit activity as alpha2delta ligands (α2δ ligands). Such compounds have affinity for the α2δ subunit of a calcium channel.

  本发明涉及一种新型四唑和氧二唑酮β-氨基酸衍生物，其化学式为其中G为其中R1到R4如规范中定义，含有它们的药物组合物以及它们用于治疗各种中枢神经系统和其他疾病的用途。本发明的环丙基β-氨基酸衍生物表现出作为α2δ配体（α2δ配体）的活性。这种化合物具有对钙通道的α2δ亚单位的亲和力。
• Process for the preparation of pregabalin
  申请人：HIKAL LIMITED

  公开号：US10023885B2

  公开（公告）日：2018-07-17

  The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), which comprises the steps of: formula (I), (a) reacting isovaleraldehyde of formula (II) and alkyl cyanoacetate of formula (III) optionally in presence of salts of weak acid and weak base or weak base in a suitable solvent to get 2-cyano-5-methyl-hex-2-enoic acid alkyl ester of formula (IV); (b) reacting 2-cyano-5-methyl-hex-2-enoic acid alkyl ester of formula (IV) with a suitable cyanide source in water or in an organic solvent or mixture thereof to get 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile of formula (V); (c) obtaining optionally 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile of formula (V) by reacting isovaleraldehyde of formula (II) and alkyl cyanoacetate of formula (III) in presence of suitable cyanide source in water or in an organic solvent or mixture thereof in single step; (d) converting 2-isobutylsuccinonitrile of formula (V) to racemic 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (VI) with a genetically modified nitrilase enzyme (Nit 9N_56_2) in water or optionally with an organic co-solvent at appropriate pH and temperature; (e) converting racemic 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (VI) to racemic alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VII) by treatment with alcohol (R3OH) and acidic catalyst or alkyl halide (R3X) in presence of a base in a suitable solvent or a mixture of solvents thereof; (f) obtaining (S)-alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VIII) and (R)-3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (X) by enzymatic enantioselective hydrolysis in water or organic solvent or a mixture thereof from racemic alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VII); (g) obtaining optionally the compound of formula (VII) by racemizing unwanted (R)-3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or salt thereof of formula (X) or substantially enriched (R)-3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoic acid salt thereof of formula (X) in presence of a base in organic solvent or a mixture thereof; (h) converting (S)-alkyl 3-cyano-5-methyl-hexanoate of formula (VIII) to pregabalin of formula (I) by hydrolyzing ester group with suitable alkali or alkaline earth metal base followed by hydrogenation optionally in one pot in a solvent selected from water or other organic solvents or a mixture thereof in presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst.

  本发明提供了一种制备式(I)化合物的改进工艺，该工艺包括以下步骤：式(I)，(a)使式(II)的异戊醛和式(III)的氰乙酸烷基酯（可选择在弱酸和弱碱或弱碱的盐存在下）在合适的溶剂中反应，得到式(IV)的2-氰基-5-甲基-己-2-烯酸烷基酯；(b) 将式(IV)的 2-氰基-5-甲基-己-2-烯酸烷基酯与合适的氰源在水或有机溶剂或其混合物中反应，得到式(V)的 2-异丁基琥珀腈；(c) 将式(II)的异戊醛和式(III)的氰乙酸烷基酯在水中或有机溶剂或其混合物中，在适 当氰化物源存在下进行反应，得到式(V)的 2-异丁基琥珀腈；(d) 在适当的 pH 值和温度下，用转基因硝化酶（Nit 9N_56_2）在水中或任选用有机 助溶剂中将式（V）的 2-异丁基琥珀腈转化为式（VI）的外消旋 3-氰基-5-甲基己酸或其盐；(e) 在适当溶剂或其混合物中，在碱存在下，用醇 (R3OH) 和酸性催化剂或烷基卤化物 (R3X) 处理，将式 (VI) 的外消旋 3-氰基-5-甲基己酸或其盐转化为式 (VII) 的外消旋 3-氰基-5-甲基己酸烷基酯；(f) 从式(VII)的外消旋 3-氰基-5-甲基己酸烷基酯在水或有机溶剂或其混合物中通过酶对映 选择性水解得到式(VIII)的(S)-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸烷基酯和式(X)的(R)-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸或其盐；(g) 在有机溶剂或其混合物中，在碱存在下，通过外消旋化不需要的(R)-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸或式(X)的其盐或基本富集的(R)-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸式(X)的其盐，得到可选的式(VII)化合物；(h) 将式(VIII)的(S)-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸烷基酯转化为式(I)的普瑞巴林，方法是先用适当的碱金属或碱土金属碱水解酯基，然后在适当的氢化催化剂存在下，任选在选自水或其他有机溶剂或其混合物的溶剂中一次氢化。