TLV-TWA 0.0454 mg/m3 (0.005 ppm)
(ACGIH and NIOSH); ceiling 0.181 mg/m3
(0.02 ppm)/10 min (NIOSH).
.
LogP:
4.75 at 25℃
物理描述:
Isophorone diisocyanate appears as a clear to light-yellow liquid. Slightly denser than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Very irritating to skin. Used to make polyurethane coatings.
Cyanide is rapidly alsorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Isophorone diisocyanate is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent odor. It is completely miscible with esters, ketones, ethers, and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. This chemical is used in the production of polyurethanes with high stability; raw material for polyurethane paints, varnishes, and elastomers, industrial coating applications, electrostatic powder coatings, and one pack polyurethane enamels. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Human volunteers exposed to aerosol of isophorone diisocyanate exhibited irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose; as concentrations increased strong irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and breathing passages was observed. Strong mucous membrane irritation causes eye, pulmonary and gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Contact dermatitis, both irritant and allergic forms, have been observed in individuals exposed to isocyanates. Isocyanate induced asthma and sensitization will exhibit traditional symptoms of acute airway obstruction, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness of the chest and nocturnal awakening. Asthma reactions may result. Isocyanate induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis symptoms are flu like including shortness of breath, nonproductive cough, fevers, chills, sweats, malaise and nausea. Irreversible decrease in pulmonary function and the development of interstitial fibrosis may result. Exposure to high doses of isocyanates may produce fatal pulmonary edema or catarrh. Occupational asthma has been associated with isophorone diisocyanate exposure in the workplace and may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isophorone diisocyanate is produced or used. Cross sensitivity can occur between isophorone diamine and isophorone diisocyanate which are chemically related in workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: Isophorone diisocyanate applied epicutaneously (non-occluded) to intact skin of guinea pigs showed contact skin sensitization evident at the initial challenge and negligible upon rechallenge. Rats exposed to isophorone diisocyanate by inhalation had nonspecific irritation, gasping vasodilation; brown staining of the fur of the snout and head, noisy respiration; loss of body weight and depression of food and water consumption on day of exposure; mild subpleural congestion. Isophorone diisocyanate induced significant contact dermatitis in female mice.
Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶和通过皮肤被吸收进人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and through the skin.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
An isocyanate generation apparatus was developed and stable isocyanate atmospheres were obtained. At a concentration of 5 ug 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) per cu m the precision was found to be 7% (n = 5). Three volunteers were each exposed to three different concentrations of HDI (11.9, 20.5, and 22.1 ug/cu m) and three concentrations of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (12.1, 17.7, and 50.7 ug/cu m), in an exposure chamber. The duration of the exposure was 2 hr. Urine and blood samples were collected, and hydrolysed under alkaline conditions to the HDI and IPDI corresponding amines, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HDA) and isophorone diamine (IPDA), determined as their pentafluoropropionic anhydride amides (HDA-PFPA and IPDA-PFPA). The HDA- and IPDA-PFPA derivatives were analysed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry with thermospray monitoring negative ions. When working up samples from the exposed persons without hydrolysis, no HDA or IPDA was seen. The average urinary excretion of the corresponding amine was 39% for HDI and 27% for IPDI. An association between the estimated inhaled dose and the total excreted amount was seen. The average urinary elimination half-time for HDA was 2.5 hr and for IPDA, 2.8 hr. The hydrolysis condition giving the highest yield of HDA and IPDA in urine was found to be hydrolysis with 3 M sodium hydroxide during 4 hr. No HDA or IPDA could be found in hydrolysed plasma (< ca 0.1 ug/L).
The present application relates to encapsulates, compositions, products comprising such encapsulates, and processes for making and using such encapsulates. Such encapsulates comprise a core comprising a perfume and a shell that encapsulates said core, such encapsulates may optionally comprise a parametric balancing agent, such shell comprising one or more azobenzene moieties.
The present invention relates to novel 1,4,2-diazaphospholidine derivatives, to a process for preparation thereof and to use as catalysts.
本发明涉及新颖的1,4,2-二氮磷杂环丙烷衍生物,以及其制备方法和用作催化剂的用途。
[EN] CLEAVABLE MULTI-ALCOHOL-BASED MICROCAPSULES<br/>[FR] MICROCAPSULES CLIVABLES À BASE D'ALCOOLS MULTIPLES
申请人:FIRMENICH & CIE
公开号:WO2021023645A1
公开(公告)日:2021-02-11
The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of microcapsules based on cleavable multi-alcohols. Cleavable multi-alcohol-based microcapsules are also an object of the invention. Perfuming compositions and consumer products comprising said capsules, in particular perfumed consumer products in the form of home care or personal care products, are also part of the invention.
A method for producing polymerisable solution which comprises dissolving an ethylenically unsaturated zwitterionic monomer in a co-monomer system comprising a functionalised ethylenically unsaturated monomer in which the zwitterionic monomer is soluble, a siloxane group-containing monomer or macromer, and a crosslinking agent is disclosed. The polymerisable solution is biocompatible and can be used to produce polymers and articles such as contact lenses.