A General Organocatalyst for Direct α-Functionalization of Aldehydes: Stereoselective C−C, C−N, C−F, C−Br, and C−S Bond-Forming Reactions. Scope and Mechanistic Insights
摘要:
The development of a general organocatalyst for the alpha-functionalization of aldehydes, via an enamine intermediate, is presented. Based on optically active alpha,alpha-diarylprolinol silyl ethers, the scope and applications of this catalyst for the stereogenic formation of C-C, C-N, C-F, C-Br, and C-S bonds are outlined. The reactions all proceed in good to high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, we will present mechanistic insight into the reaction course applying nonlinear effect studies, kinetic resolution, and computational investigations leading to an understanding of the properties of the alpha,alpha-diarylprolinol silyl ether catalysts.
Novelliquidcrystalline polyacetylene derivatives were developed as advanced LC conjugated polymers with quick response to an electric field used as external force. In practice, we synthesized ferroelectric LC conjugated polymers by introducing fluorine-containing chiral LC groups into side chains of polyacetylenes. Phase-transition behaviors of these polymers were examined by differential scanning
A chiral liquidcrystalline (LC) substituent with a fluorine-containing asymmetric moiety was introduced into the 3-position of a thiophene ring. Polymerizations of 2,5-dibrominated thiophene derivatives were carried out through dehalogenative polycondensations. Polythiophene derivatives thus prepared were fusible and soluble in ordinary organic solvents. An absorption band was observed in the range
申请人:The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government
公开号:US05861109A1
公开(公告)日:1999-01-19
Liquid crystal compounds of formula I may be used by themselves or they may be mixed with other liquid crystal compounds to give useful liquid crystal mixtures which may then be used in liquid crystal devices. The materials exhibit smectic mesophases and may therefore be used in ferroelectric, ferrielectric, antiferroelectric, themochromic and electroclinic devices. They may also be used as long pitch materials.
Regio- and stereoselective fluorinative ring-opening reaction of epoxyalcohols by (i-PrO)2TiF2-Et4NF-nHF. Synthesis of optically active 3-fluoro-1,2-diols
regioselective ring opening reaction of epoxyalcohols was achieved by (i-PrO)2TiF2 and Et4NF-nHF under mild conditions. Fluoride attacked the epoxide at the C3 carbon with the inversion of the stereochemistry to give 3-fluoro-1,2-diols selectively. When opticallyactive epoxyalcohols were used as the starting material, the corresponding 3-fluoro-1,2-diols were obtained with high optical purity.