Anionic surfactants have a formula: RfSO2N(H)—CH2CH(CH3)OH; or RfSO2N(H)—CH2CH2O)xH, where x is an integer from 2-6. Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Neutral surfactants having a formula: (a) Rf—SO2N[CH2CH(CH3)OH]2; (b) RfSO2N[CH2CH(CH3)OH][(CH2CH2O)nH], where n is an integer from 1-6; (c) RfSO2N(R)[(CH2CH2O)pH], where p is an integer from 2-6, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or (d) RfSO2N[(CH2CH2O)qH][(CH2CH2O)mH], where q is an integer from 1-6 and m is an integer from 3-6. Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
A composition includes a fluorinated or perfluorinated organic solvent, and a fluorinated surfactant of the general formula (1): [Formula should be inserted here] Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms. Each occurrence of R
1
and R
2
is independently H or CH
3
, n is 1-3, and x is 1-3.
Anionic surfactants have a formula: R
f
SO
2
N(H)—CH
2
CH(CH
3
)OH; or R
f
SO
2
N(H)—CH
2
CH
2
O)
x
H, where x is an integer from 2-6. Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Neutral surfactants having a formula: (a) R
f
—SO
2
N[CH
2
CH(CH
3
)OH]
2
; (b) R
f
SO
2
N[CH
2
CH(CH
3
)OH][(CH
2
CH
2
O)
n
H], where n is an integer from 1-6; (c) R
f
SO
2
N(R)[(CH
2
CH
2
O)
p
H], where p is an integer from 2-6, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or (d) R
f
SO
2
N[(CH
2
CH
2
O)
q
H][(CH
2
CH
2
O)
m
H], where q is an integer from 1-6 and m is an integer from 3-6. R
f
is a fluoroalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
A composition includes a fluorinated or perfluorinated organic solvent, and a fluorinated surfactant of the general formula (1): [Formula should be inserted here] Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms. Each occurrence of R1 and R2 is independently H or CH3, n is 1-3, and x is 1-3.